介词及介词短语【考点直】1.常用介及其的主要用法及意2.介表示、方位、方式的基本用法3.—些易混介的辨析[法解】♦介词的功能介是一种虚,用来表示名或相当于名的其它句中其它的关系,不能独使用。
介可与名或相当于名的其它构成介短。
介短可在句中作定,状,表和足。
例如:The boy over there is John brother・(定 )The girl will be back in two hours.(状)♦介词和种类(1)介,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。
(2)复合介,女D by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等。
♦不同介词的用法(1)表的介1)at, in on表示点用atp例女口:at six o' clock, at noon, at midnight o表示在某个世,某年,某月,某个季以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上,用in。
例如:in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon 等。
表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上,用0%例如I: on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning 等。
2)since, after由since和after引的都可表示从去某一点开始的段,但since表示的段一直延到的刻,因而往往要与在完成用。
而alter所表示的段系去,因而要与一般去用。
例如:I haven 9 the a rd from him since last summer ・After five days the boy came back.3)in, afterin与将来用,表示“多以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段的。
after与将来用,后面只能跟表 _________after与去用,后面才能跟表示 _____He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four o 'clock.He returned after a month.(2)表示地点的介1)at, in, onat 一般指小地方;in 一般指大地方或某个范之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。
例如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday・They arrived at a small village before dark・The teacher put up a picture on the wall.2)over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含不同。
ovei•表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反是_________ ,above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反是__________ 。
on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一个的上面。
例如:There is a bridge over the river.We flew above the clouds.They put some flowers on the teacher 'sdcsk.3)across, throughacross和through均可表示“从一到另一”,但用法不同。
across的含与on有关,表示作在某一物体的表面行。
through的含与in有关,表示作是在三空行。
例如:The dog ran across the grass.They walked through the forest.4)in front of, in the front ofin front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个——front of表示“在……的前部”,在某个范以内______________例如:There are some ta 11 trees in front of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.♦常用介的用法辨析一.at/ in /on .1.表示:1).表示某一具体点,某一刻/年at six o5clock, at noon, at that time, at the moment, at the age of..., at night2)in表示段,一天的三个段以及月份,年,季,世,人生的某个期 (某人几十)in the moming/afternoon /evening,in spring ,in March,in the twenty・firs( cen(ury, in his fifties3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个段名前有修或后有修.On Monday,on New Year's Day ,on Sunday morning, on a rainynight 2表示地点:1)at 一般指小的地点或具彳______ at the station ,at the cinema2)in表示在大的地点或一个有限_________ . in China, in the classroom3)on指在某物体的表面上 . on the desk注意:写街道时,若有门牌号用at,否则用on / in都可. He lives at 270 DongChang,an Street. 二.介in /on / to表方位:1 .in表示A地在B地范之内.(包含关系)2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)3.to表示A,B两地有一定的距.(外离关系)H . between / among 在,,之1 .between :指两者之.在,,.之.2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之四.after / in在…之后Ta iwan is ___ the southeast of China .Hubei is ___ the north of Hunan .Japan is _____ the east of China .You sit _____ him and me .,在…之中.The song is popular _____ the studentsl.after段.表示以去某一刻起点的一段之后,用于去.2)after 作介.after doing sth2.in +—段.表示或以在起点的将来一段之后.用于将来. He came back _______ t wo days .He will go home __ finishing his homework .He will come back ______ two days .五.with / in / by 表示“用...”1.with表示“用...”-般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官•He cut the apple into halves _____ a knife .(注:with 表伴随,“带有,含有”)2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径•或书写/绘画所用的材料.也可表交通方式•He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .3.by 表示乘坐交通丄具,表示方式,方法He makes a living ____ selling newspapers . 注意:同义词组1).by phone = on the phone2).by car = in a car3).in pen = with a pen = with pens六・across / through / over / by 经过1 .across指横穿,穿过.表示动作从某一物体表面上经过2.through指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过3.over表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与农面接触.4.by表示从某人/某物的旁边经过•Can you swim ______ the river ?the elephant is so big that it can,tgo ________ the gate •I don ' tthink anyone can jump _____ the fence.I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .七. in front of / in the front ofl.in the front of表示在…内部的前面2.in front of表示在…外面的前面八. 其它介词的用法:1.at的其它用法.1)表示从事或正在做某事•其后加的名词往往不加冠词.2)at表示价格或速度2,in的其它用法:1)in表示"在…方面”2)in表示“穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.3.like的用法:1).像/和..._样.當与系动词i车用2).与what连用,“是什么样子,怎样”.4・off的用法:1).从…下来,脱离某物体.2). “休假”通常放在时间名词之后•5.except / besides1).except除了…之外,都...不包括在范用之内2).besides除了...Z外,还有…包括在范围Z内We all went swimming _______Lucy .She is at work now = She is working now .The train ran at 120 kilometers an hour ・do well in = be good at ;be weak inbe in + 衣服二be wearing + 衣服look like,sound like-What is he like ?- He is kind .fell off,get offhave +H寸间+olT Hchasn' thad a night off for two hours .注:nothing but,除了…之外,什么也没有.There is ________ a letter in the box .We study Japanese and French ______ English .6. with / withoutwith the help of = with one ' shelp =because of = thanks toA).without + sb./ sth.没有某人或某物He left here without __________ (say ) u Goodbye n to usC). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句反义词:without 没有 B).without + doing sth . If there is no water , we can ' tlive .= We can ' tlive7.on the tree /in the treeon the tree 表示“树上本身长的东西” 在树上•而in the tree 表示“外界的物体进入树屮”人或物在树上• 1) .since :a) .since +时间点b) .现在完成时+ since +—般过去时c) .since +——段时间 + ago.2) fbr: for + —段时间二 since + —段时间 + ago9.be made +介词的区别: be made ofbe made frombe made in +土也点be made by sb.由…制成(看得见原材料) 由…制成(看不见原材料) 由哪儿生产 由某人制造 10•表示“数量的介词” about, round ,around ,over1) . about, round,around 表示"大约,,”2) .over 表示“超过” =more than.11 .inside / outside inside 在…里面 12.in the wall /on the wa 11in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上”on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”九•不用介词的情况: 1) .当时间状为:tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词.What are you going to do tonight ? 2)含有 this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each 等时间状语. He went to Wuxi last week .3).以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词. He has worked all day .4) .以 so ~:.介词 ----------------------------------------------------介词和动诃、形容诃或彩饲相结合后,形成复合饲,有特定的意思。