1.2 Cavalier Poets
• The Cavalier Poets（骑士派诗人）: a group of English gentlemen poets loyal to Charles I (1625–49) during the English Civil Wars, they were known for their light and amorous verse.
Famous prose writers and their works
• John Bunyan (1628-1688): The Pilgrim’s Progress 《天路历程》
• Izaak Walton (1593-1683) – The Compleat Angler, 1653《垂钓大全》
3.1 Restoration Drama
• 从1642 年清教徒关闭剧院到复辟后3 个月剧院开演，英国 剧坛沉寂了18 年。 • 复辟时期的悲剧作家除德莱顿以外，著名的还有纳撒 尼· 李（Nathaniel Lee，1653-1692）、托马斯· 奥特维 （Thomas Otway，1652-1685），他们受法国古典主义戏 剧很大的影响。李的《争宠的王后》（The Rival Queens, 1677）和奥特维的《保全了威尼斯》，都写了爱情与荣誉、 责任之间的冲突，后一部戏常被推为英国古典主义悲剧的 代表作。 • 复辟时期的喜剧相当出色。它们不同于伊丽莎白时代的浪 漫喜剧，而是讽刺性的风俗喜剧，讽刺对象是当时的英国 上流社会。但是它们的讽刺并不深刻，以轻松的心情和偷 快的反讽来表现生活，俏皮幽默的对话为突出特点。喜剧 最常见的主题是上流社会男女之间爱的纠纷，反映出宫廷 环境中轻浮放荡的时尚。
– 1) the diction is simple and echoes the words and cadences[节奏] of common speech; – 2) the imagery is drawn from the actual life yet subtle, the extended metaphors for such images are typically called “metaphysical conceits”; – 3) the form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.
Representatives
• William Wycherley （1640？-1716） – Love in a Wood《林中之爱》 – The Country Wife《乡村妇女》 – The Plain Dealer《坦率的人》 • Sir John Vanbrugh（1664-1726） – The Relapse, or Virtue in Danger 《故态复萌》 – The Provoked Wife《恼怒的妻子》 • William Congreve（1670-1729） – The Double Dealer《两面派》 – Love for Love 《以爱还爱》 – The Way of the World 《如此世道》 • Jeremy Collier（1650-1726） – A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage《略论英国舞台上的不道德和亵渎》
• 1. Poetry – Metaphysical Poets – Cavalier Poets
– John Milton
Literature of the 17th Century
• 2. Prose • Fr works • 3. Drama – Restoration Drama
1.1 The Metaphysical poetry 玄学派诗歌 • The term is commonly used to name the work of the 17th writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.
Features of Metaphysical poetry
– Robert Herrick (1591-1674):Hesperides [金苹果园], consisting of 1200 poems.
1.3 John Milton (1608-1674)
• An ode On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity（《基督 诞生晨颂》，1629） • Horton: L’Allegro (《快乐的人》，1632), Il Penseroso (《沉思的人》，1632), Lycidas (《利西达 斯》，1638), Comus (《科玛斯》，1634). • Political pamphlets: • Areopagitica《论出版自由》(1644) • Defence of the English People (《为英国人民辩护》， 1651), • Second Defence of the English People (《为英国人民 再辩护》，1654). – Paradise Lost《失乐园》; Paradise Regained《复乐 园》; and Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》
The
th 17
Century
The Period of Revolution and Restoration
• Historical Background • Literature of the 17th Century
Historical Background
• The Weakening of the Tie Between Monarchy and Bourgeoisie: • The Clashes Between the King and Parliament: • The Outburst of the English Revolution: • The Bourgeois dictatorship and the Restoration:
Representatives:
John Donne (1572-1631) : Founder of the Metaphysical School. His famous work is Songs and Sonnets《歌曲与十四行诗》
• George Herbert (1593-1633) is "the saint of the Metaphysical School"(玄学派诗圣). His chief work is a collection called The Temple 《神殿》, which includes his 160 short poems.