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初中英语语法不定代词讲解及习题

不定代词一、不定代词概述定义不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词some 类something, somebody, someone any 类no 类every 类常见不定代词其他all, each, both, none, one, much, many, (a)few, (a)little, either, neither, other, another 不定代词充当成分作主语、宾语、表语、定语等二、常见不定代词的基本用法1、some 和any: 都是“一些”的意思,都可与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。

(1)some 一般用于肯定句中,any 一般用于否定句或疑问句中。

Eg. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,应该用some 而不用any 。

Eg. Would you please give me some paper?___________________________________________________________(3)当any 表示“任何”或“无论哪一个”的意义时,可以用于肯定句,此时any 要重读。

Eg. You may come at any time that is convenient to you.___________________________________________________________2、表示数量的不定代词(1)many______, few_______, a few_______, 用以代替或修饰可数名词。

(2)much______, little_______, a little________,用以代替或修饰不可数名词。

(3) _______和_______表示肯定意义,_______和_______表示否定意义。

(4)a lot of 和plenty of 等短语既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词。

3、表示两者和三者的不定代词(1)表示两者: both, either, neither (2)表示三者: all, any, none, every(3)表示肯定:both, all (4)表示否定:none, neither练一练:用以上不定代词填空。

我的父母都是医生。

__________________________________街道的两边都种了树。

There are trees on ______ sides of the street.= There are trees on ______ side of the street.他有两个儿子,都不富有。

He has two sons. ______ of them is rich.他有三个儿子,都不富有。

He has three sons. ______ of them is rich.三、复合不定代词的用法(1)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody 等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。

(2)somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody, anyone 一般用于疑问句和否定句中。

(3)如果要在疑问句中表示请求、建议等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答复时,用somebody, someone 或something。

(4) 修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式应放在它们的后面。

Eg. He has nothing much to do today.他今天没有多少事情做。

Lucy hasn’t anything important to do. 露西没有任何重要时做。

四、疑难拓展1、few/a few/little/a little(1)后接名词的不同。

_______和_______后接可数名词复数,_______和_______后接不可数名词。

Eg. There are _______ new words in the text. 课文中有一些新单词。

Can you speak _______ English? 你能说一点英语吗?(2)表示肯定意义和否定意义的区别。

_______和________ 表示肯定,______和_______表示否定。

Eg. I have ________ friends there. I often play with them.There is _______ meat at home. Let’s buy some.2、other/others/the other/another(1)other表示“另一个”的意思,在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,不独立使用,通常修饰可数名词复数。

(2)others可独立使用,无范围限定。

(3)other和others前面加定冠词the 时表示特指,不加the 表示泛指。

The other表示两个中的另一个,常用于句型”one…the other…”,the others 表示全部其余的人或物。

Eg. I have two brothers. ____ is a doctor; ________ is a teacher.He is always ready to help _______.Five of them are in the classroom. What about _______?(4)another(另外一个,又一个),只能代替或修饰单数名词,可用作主语、宾语或定语,不独立使用。

前面不加冠词。

Eg. Don’t lose heart. Have another try.(5)Another 后可以跟few 或带数字的复数名词。

Eg. Just think what our town will be like in another few years.You’d better stay in bed for another two weeks.3、部分否定及完全否定Not与不定代词all, both, every等表示全部意义的词连用时构成部分否定;若要表示完全否定,则需要换用none, neither, no 等。

练一练:翻译下列句子。

All of the students like the novel.___________________________________Not all of the students like the novel. ___________________________________All of the students don’t like the novel.__________________________________None of the students like the novel. ___________________________________4、all, both, each等用作同位语若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词;若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能时名词。

Eg. We all have read it.(all修饰的主语是代词)The village all have been destroyed.(all修饰的主语是名词)They told us all to wait here.(all 修饰的宾语是代词)5、one 和it 的区别使用(1)it 指代前面的某物。

Eg. Where is my pen? I can’t find it.(it 指代前面提到的那支笔)(2)one可以指人,也可以指物。

用来代替上文中提到的单数可数名词以及避免重复,其复数形式为ones。

Eg. Your pen is so nice. I want to buy one like this.课堂演练一、单选。

1.The two fishermen saw_______ in the sky while they were fishing by a river.A. something strangeB. anything strangeC. strange somethingD. strange anything2. --- Is ____ here? ---No. Bob and Tim have asked for leave.A. anybodyB. somebodyC. everybodyD. nobody3.---Do you want tea or coffee? ---______.I really don't mindA. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither4. The old man has two sons .One is a soldier, _______ is a worker.A. otherB. the otherC. othersD. another5. There are shops on _____ side of the street.________ of them do not close till 12 at night.A. both; AllB. every; NoneC. either; SomeD. other; Many6. There is not ___ meat in my bowl. There is ____ chicken in it.A. some; anyB. any; someC. any; anyD. some; some7. Could you do___for me, please?A. everythingB. nothingC. somethingD. anything8. Sorry, I can't answer your question. I know____ about the subject.A. a littleB. littleC. fewD. a few9. ---Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?----____, thanks. I think I'll just have a glass of water.A. NoneB. NeitherC. BothD. Either10. Tom shook his head and said to us there was _____ in the classroom.A. anybodyB. nobodyC. somebodyD. everybody11. Could I have _____ bottle of apple juice, please?A. anotherB. otherC. some moreD. second12. There are 25 techers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and ______ are menteachers.A. the otherB. the othersC. othersD. other13. They were all tired, but _____of them took a rest.A. noneB. allC. bothD.either14. ---We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which colour do you like?--- I’m afraid ____. I think blue will be OK.A. bothB. eitherC. neitherD. none15. ---Can I come this afternoon o tomorrow morning?---_____ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None二、按要求完成句子。

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