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定语从句之关系副词

定语从句之关系副词
引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why 等。

它们和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用,同时在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。

1. when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

如:
Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time?
你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗?
2. where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

如:
Can you show me the house where Shakespeare lived?
你能带我看看莎士比亚曾住过的那座房子吗?
3. why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。

如:
I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father。

我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。

4. 由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词+名词”,如:when =on / in / during the day,where= in / at / on the place,why =for the reason ,因此关系副词引导的定语从句可以改写为“介词+which ”引导的定语从句。

如:
That is the day when (on which )he did the experiments。

就是他做实验的那一天。

This is the house where (in which )my father used to live。

这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。

That is the reason why (for which )he is leaving very soon。

那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。

注意:在这种“介词+which ”的结构中,介词的选择取决于which 所指的名词与介词的搭配关系,或者取决于定语从句中动词词组与介词的搭配关系。

如:
This is the farm where (on which )I worked three years ago。

这就是我三年前工作过的农场。

He can't forget that year when (in which )he was taken to Beijing。

他忘不了他被带到北京去的那一年。

5.关系代词和关系副词的选择
先行词是表时间或地点的名词时,关系词的选择要慎重,以下技巧可帮助你解决此类问题。

( 1 )分析句子结构,看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是作状语,还是作主语和宾语。

( 2 )看定语从句中的动词是及物动词,还是不及物动词,还是“不及物动词+介词”结构。

比较:This is the place where he worked (vi )when he was young。

The city (that / which )we visited (vt )is well-known。

We'll never forget the day (that / which )we spent (vt )in the village。

We'll never forget the day when we work (vi )in the village。

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