T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
Philological approach
神似、化境 “谈翻译的人首先要觉悟的事件，就是翻译是一种艺 术。”（林语堂，1984:417） “我认为翻译是艺术……我要用艺术方法来解决翻译问 题。”（许渊冲，1996:56-59） “文学翻译，自然也该是一种艺术实践。文学语言，不 仅具有语义信息传达功能，更具有审美价值创造功能。 唐朝贾公彦云：‘译即易’；而从文学翻译角度也可说： ‘译’者，‘艺’也。”（罗新璋，2003:366）
T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
Linguistic approach
"The translator, as stated before, does not translate words or individual sentences (unless an isolated sentence has text status), but texts. Translation, therefore, is a text-oriented event. It follows from this that the most pertinent definition of translation is textoriented: Translation is a procedure which leads from a written SLT to an optimally equivalent TLT and requires the syntactic, semantic, stylistic and textpragmatic comprehension by the translator of the original. " (Wills, 1982: 112)


T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
What is translation in a general sense? The process of translation between two different written languages involves the changing of an original written text (the source text or ST ) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL ) into a written text (the target text or TT ) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL )
T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
Far more complicated and disputed
Roman Jakobson
Translation variations Translation modes Translation products
Linguistic approach to translation studies Functional approach to translation studies Discourse & register approaches to translation studies The Cultural turn of translation studies
T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
Linguistic approach
"Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style." (Nida & Taber, 1969: 12)
Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach SnellHornby, 上海外语教育出版社 Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications Jeremy Munday,上海外语教育出版社

T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
Philological approach
文学翻译应属美学范畴，翻译就是一个认识原作中的美， 并在译文中给予再现的过程。 意境美
语言美
形象美 风格美
翻译评论以直觉印象，以个人所悟来进行评说
T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
Linguistic approach
核心观念：equivalent (ce)
等值、对等
T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

T&I
Introducing Translation Studies
T&I
Course Objectives



enable students to develop their understanding of the terminology and concepts in translation studies summarize the major strands of translation studies help students acquire a general understanding of the discipline and the necessary background and tools to begin to carry out their own research on translation
T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
Linguistic approach
It comprises two main phases, a phase of semasiological understanding, during which the translator analyzes the SLT for intended meaning and style, and a phase of onomasiological reconstruction (TL recomposition) during which the translator reproduces the SLT, analyzed as to content and style, while giving optimal consideration to points of communicative equivalence. " (Wills.1982:62)
The Concept of Translation
Cultural approach
“Translation is not 'interlingual transfer' but 'crosscultural transfer' ." (Snell-Hornby, 1988:39) "Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text. " (Nord.1991:28) Rewriting (Susan Bassnett)
T&I
Major issues of Translation Studies

The Concept of Translation
Linguistic approach
"Translation is a process of "deverbalizing" and "reverbalizing"; it leads from an SLT to a TLT which is as close an equivalent as possible and presupposes an understanding of the content and style of the original. Translation, according to this definition, is a process which can be subdivided within itselfment