Excercise
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The car hit the tree. The tree was hit by the car.
Conclusion
In practise the Cognitive Approach involves more active use of the students’ mental power, which is especially suitable for adult language learners. They have thoughts, cultural background, and feeling, experience, which will make learning more effective. But students who are slow to comprehend do not work successfully with the method because learning depends a lot on analysis and understanding.
Background Information
• As the Audiolingual Method was on the
decline in the 1960s , the Cognitive Approach developed as an alternative, in response to the criticisms leveled against audiolingualism. In the meantime the structural linguistics gave way to the generative linguistics that turned the attention from mechanistic conditioning to meaningful leaning.
Teaching Aim
• 1.to develop in the students the native –like competence; • 2.to develop intuitive thinking in learners; • 3.to develop strategies of language use; • 4.to enable the students to learn from errors.
The Cognitive Approach
Definition
Features Theory
Advantages
Teaching Aim Background
Disadvantages Conclusion Exercise
Definition
The Congnitive Approach (or the cognitive code method/learing) is an approch to FLT which is based on the belief that language learning is a process which involves active mental process and not simply the forming of habits.
Theory of learning
• Chomsky’s ideas about language acquisition (乔姆斯基的语言习得理论) Theory of cognitive psychology (认识心理学理论) Brunner and his discovery method (布鲁纳和他的发现学习法) Ausubel’s theory (奥斯贝尔理论)
Theory
Theory of language Theory of learning
Theory of language
The creative property of language 语言的创造性 Language as rule-governed 语言是受规则支配的 Linguistic competence语言能力 Linguistic performance语言行为
Features
• (1) Knowledge of language rules facilitates learning. • (2) Rules are taught deductively. • (3) Competence comes before performance. • (4) The learner is the center of classroom teaching.
• (5) Language practice is the main form of classroom teaching. • (6) Leaning is based on understanding. • (7) The Cognitive Approach gives equal importance to all the four skills. • (8)Mistakes are unavoidable.
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Advantages
• Stress on creativity and meaning • More effective learning by drawing on students’ experience • Integrating all four skills • Giving students opportunity to develop functional and performance skills • More scientific
Thank You!!!
Disadvantages
• Difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations • Depending too much on analysis and understanding • No complete and systematic practical activities and procedures • Needing further research and development
• One of the major proponents of the generativetransformational school of linguistics is Noam Chomsky, the famous American linguist. The generative linguists are interested not only in describing language but also in explaining language.