1.选择题30*1每题1分2.判断题20*1每题1分3.填空题10*2每题2分4.名词解释5*3每题3分5.简答3*5每题5分《英语国家概况》判断题U.K.1. London is one of the three principal financial centers of the world. T2. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer totheir country. F3. The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. T4. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. T5. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history. F6. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the smallest part of theUnited Kingdom. T7. Because of political troubles, Northern Ireland has been quite significant amongthe four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. T8. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. F9. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems thatprevented rapid economic development in Britain. F10. Hamlet depicts the hero’s struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrityand the need to avenge his father’s murder. T11. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welshlanguage. F12. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.T13. The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5thcenturies BC. T14. Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working ofthe British government. F15. Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all theBritish economic and social problems. F16. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice. F17. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics andeconomic policy. T18. In the U.K., the National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state systemand the independent system. FU.S.1. Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November. F2. San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famousHollywood and Disneyland are located there. F3. Education is governed by state and local governments instead of the nationalgovernment in the U.S. T4. Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and hedevised a poetic style, free verse. T5. The United States is the fifth most populous nation in the world, ranking behindChina, India, Brazil and South Africa. F6. During Clinton’s term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lowerrate of unemployment. T7. Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War in the U.S., theowners of plantations in the South made more profits from selling theiragricultural products. F8. According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama binLaden were responsible for the terrorist event on September 11, 2001. F9. Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s wereAsians. T10. Usually, an undergraduate student in the United States has to earn 120 creditsto receive a degree. T11. The form of the U.S. government is based on three main principles: federalism,the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.T12. The United States is the third largest country in the world in terms of territory.F13. The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of theAmerican foreign trade. F14. American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment andintervention. T15. In the United States, certain presidential appointments must be approved byCongress. T16. New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States, and it isalso one of the three principal economic centers in the world. T17. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that Americawas a single, indivisible nation. T18. The U.S. congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and itconsists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. F 19. The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the U.S.continental territory. F20. The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: theSupreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts. T21. President Roosevelt’s New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economiccrisis in the early 1930s. F22. Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturingindustry. T23. The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate, with some mildsubtropical and tropical zones. T24. The Democratic Party of the U.S. is conservative in terms of its ideology. F25. American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in theagricultural balance of trade. T名词解释1. public schoolsFee-paying secondary schools which are long established and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boys’ public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’ famous schools include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.2. the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan —— the only one entirely in the U.S. —— Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.3. New EnglandNew England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is sometimes called the birthplace of America.4. the Bill of RightsIn 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representations a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution —— the Bill of Rights.5. the Emancipation ProclamationDuring the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.6. checks and balances:The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial, each has part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This called “checks and balances”.7. Domesday BookUnder William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgement Day.简答题1. What are the main functions of Parliament?—— The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to pass laws; (2) to provide the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation; (3) to examine government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditure; (4) to debate the major issues of the day.2. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?—— The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences.William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. 3. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain?—— A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty’s Government —— a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament.The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when King William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, ofa monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.4. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?—— After king John died in 1216, his son became Henry III. He filled the most important offices with foreigners, undertook an expensive war which ended in the loss of a large land and demanded more money to enable his son to be king of Sicily. So the barons rebelled. Under the leadership of Simon de Montfort, they defeated the king in 1264. In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council to meet at Westminster, together with two knights from each country and two citizens from each town. This meeting has been considered as the earliest parliament. The Great Council developed later into the Lords and the Commons known as a parliament. Both Houses were called to agree to taxation. The Commons could present petitions to the king which were the first parliamentary bills. But Parliament only met by royal invitation. Its role was to offer advice, not to make decisions. The most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords.5. What are the causes of the outbreak of the American civil war?(1)around the mid-19th century，the strong nationalistic sentiments of the first three decades of the 19th century faded away, revealing the long-hidden differences andamong classes，nationalities，and sections.(2)the North and the south now saw their respective economic interests often in conflict with each other.(3)on the slavery issue，they were frequently in conflict with their border-state neighbors in Kentucky and Missouri.6 Introduction of American President(1)The President of The United States is elected every four years to a four-year term of office, with no more than two full terms allowed.(2)The President is elected directly by the voters. Whatever the case, any policies proposed by the President must be approved by the House of Representative and the Senate before they can become law.(3)The head of each department is appointed by the President. These appointments, however, must be approved by the Senate. None of these Secretaries, as the department heads are usually called, can also be serving in Congress or in another part of the government. Each is directly responsible to President and only serves as long as the President wants him or her to.。