专题三 导数及其应用(一)导数的几何意义、定积分与微积分基本定理1.(2019全国Ⅰ理13)曲线在点处的切线方程为____________.2.(2019全国Ⅲ理6)已知曲线在点处的切线方程为y =2x +b ,则 A . B .a=e ,b =1C .D . ,3.(2018全国卷Ⅰ)设函数32()(1)f x x a x ax =+-+,若()f x 为奇函数,则曲线()y f x =在点(0,0)处的切线方程为 A .2y x =-B .y x =-C .2y x =D .y x =(二)导数的综合应用4.(2017新课标Ⅱ)若2x =-是函数21()(1)x f x x ax e-=+-的极值点,则21()(1)x f x x ax e -=+-的极小值为A .1-B .32e --C .35e - D .1 5.(2016全国I) 函数2||2x y x e =-在[–2,2]的图像大致为A .B .C .D .6.(2015新课标Ⅱ)设函数()f x '是奇函数()()f x x R ∈的导函数,(1)0f -=,当0x >时,'()()xf x f x -0<,则使得f (x )>0成立的x 的取值范围是A .()(),10,1-∞-UB .()()1,01,-+∞U23()e xy x x =+(0)0,e ln x y a x x =+1e a (,)e 1a b ==-,1e 1a b -==,1e a -=1b =-C .()(),11,0-∞--UD .()()0,11,+∞U7.(2015新课标Ⅰ)设函数()(21)xf x e x ax a =--+,其中1a <,若存在唯一的整数0x ,使得0()0f x <,则a 的取值范围是 A .3[,1)2e -B .33[,)24e -C .33[,)24eD .3[,1)2e8.(2019全国Ⅲ理20)已知函数. (1)讨论的单调性; (2)是否存在,使得在区间的最小值为且最大值为1?若存在,求出的所有值;若不存在,说明理由.9.(2019全国Ⅰ理20)已知函数,为的导数.证明: (1)在区间存在唯一极大值点; (2)有且仅有2个零点10.(2019全国Ⅱ理20)已知函数.(1)讨论f (x )的单调性,并证明f (x )有且仅有两个零点;(2)设x 0是f (x )的一个零点,证明曲线y =ln x 在点A (x 0,ln x 0)处的切线也是曲线的切线.11.(2018全国卷Ⅰ)已知函数1()ln f x x a x x=-+. (1)讨论()f x 的单调性;(2)若()f x 存在两个极值点12,x x ,证明:1212()()2-<--f x f x a x x .12.(2018全国卷Ⅱ)已知函数2()e =-xf x ax .(1)若1=a ,证明:当0≥x 时,()1≥f x ; (2)若()f x 在(0,)+∞只有一个零点,求a .13.(2018全国卷Ⅲ)已知函数2()(2)ln(1)2f x x ax x x =+++-.(1)若0a =,证明:当10x -<<时,()0f x <;当0x >时,()0f x >;32()2f x x ax b =-+()f x ,a b ()f x [0,1]1-,a b ()sin ln(1)f x x x =-+()f x '()f x ()f x '(1,)2π-()f x ()11ln x f x x x -=-+e xy =(2)若0x =是()f x 的极大值点,求a . 14.(2017新课标Ⅰ)已知函数2()(2)xx f x aea e x =+--.(1)讨论()f x 的单调性;(2)若()f x 有两个零点,求a 的取值范围.15.(2017新课标Ⅱ)已知函数2()ln f x ax ax x x =--,且()0f x ≥.(1)求a ;(2)证明:()f x 存在唯一的极大值点0x ,且220()2ef x --<<.16.(2017新课标Ⅲ)已知函数()1ln f x x a x =--.(1)若()0f x ≥,求a 的值;(2)设m 为整数,且对于任意正整数n ,2111(1)(1)(1)222nm ++⋅⋅⋅+<,求m 的最小值. 17.(2016年全国Ⅰ) 已知函数2()(2)(1)xf x x e a x =-+-有两个零点.(I )求a 的取值范围;(II )设1x ,2x 是()f x 的两个零点,证明:122x x +<. 18.(2016年全国Ⅱ)(I)讨论函数2()e 2xx f x x -=+的单调性,并证明当0x >时,(2)e 20x x x -++>; (II)证明:当[0,1)a ∈ 时,函数()2e =(0)x ax ag x x x--> 有最小值.设()g x 的最小值为()h a ,求函数()h a 的值域.19.(2016年全国Ⅲ) 设函数()cos 2(1)(cos 1)f x x x αα=+-+,其中0α>,记|()|f x 的最大值为A . (Ⅰ)求()f x '; (Ⅱ)求A ;(Ⅲ)证明|()|2f x A '≤. 20.(2015新课标Ⅱ)设函数2()mxf x ex mx =+-.(Ⅰ)证明:()f x 在(,0)-∞单调递减,在(0,)+∞单调递增;(Ⅱ)若对于任意1x ,2x [1,1]∈-,都有12|()()|f x f x -1e -≤,求m 的取值范围.专题三 导数及其应用答案部分1.3y x =【解析】因为23e x y x x =+(),所以2'3e 31xy x x =++(),所以当0x =时,'3y =,所以23e xy x x =+()在点00(,)处的切线斜率3k =, 又()00y =所以切线方程为()030y x -=-,即3y x =. 2.D 【解析】 e ln x y a x x =+的导数为'e ln 1x y a x =++, 又函数e ln xy a x x =+在点(1,e)a 处的切线方程为2y x b =+, 可得e 012a ++=,解得1e a -=,又切点为(1,1),可得12b =+,即1b =-.故选D .3.D 【解析】通解 因为函数32()(1)=+-+f x x a x ax 为奇函数,所以()()-=-f x f x ,所以3232()(1)()()[(1)]-+--+-=-+-+x a x a x x a x ax ,所以22(1)0-=a x ,因为∈R x ,所以1=a ,所以3()=+f x x x ,所以2()31'=+f x x ,所以(0)1'=f ,所以曲线()=y f x 在点(0,0)处的切线方程为=y x .故选D .优解一 因为函数32()(1)=+-+f x x a x ax 为奇函数,所以(1)(1)0-+=f f ,所以11(11)0-+--++-+=a a a a ,解得1=a ,所以3()=+f x x x ,所以2()31'=+f x x ,所以(0)1'=f ,所以曲线()=y f x 在点(0,0)处的切线方程为=y x .故选D .4.A 【解析】∵,∵,∴,21()[(2)1]x f x x a x a e -'=+++-(2)0f '-=1a =-所以,,令,解得或,所以当,,单调递增;当时,,单调递减;当,,单调递增,所以的极小值为,选A .5.D 【解析】当时,令函数,则,易知在[0,)上单调递增,在[,2]上单调递减,又,,,,所以存在是函数的极小值点,即函数在上单调递减,在上单调递增,且该函数为偶函数,符合 条件的图像为D . 6.A 【解析】令,因为为奇函数,所以为偶函数,由于 ,当时, ,所以在上单调递减,根据对称性在上单调递增,又,, 数形结合可知,使得成立的的取值范围是. 7.D 【解析】由题意可知存在唯一的整数,使得,设,,由,可知在上单调递减,在上单调递增,作出与的大致图象如图所示,21()(1)x f x x x e-=--21()(2)x f x x x e-'=+-()0f x '=2x =-1x =(,2)x ∈-∞-()0f x '>()f x (2,1)x ∈-()0f x '<()f x (1,)x ∈+∞()0f x '>()f x ()f x 11(1)(111)1f e-=--=-0x ?2()2x f x x e =-()4xf x x e '=-()f x 'ln 4ln 4(0)10f '=-<1()202f '=>(1)40f e '=->2(2)80f e '=->01(0,)2x ∈()f x ()f x 0(0,)x 0(,2)x ()()f x h x x=()f x ()h x 2()()()xf x f x h x x '-'=0x >'()()xf x f x -0<()h x (0,)+∞()h x (,0)-∞(1)0f -=(1)0f =()0f x >x ()(),10,1-∞-U 0x 000(21)-<-xe x ax a ()(21)=-x g x e x ()=-h x ax a ()(21)x g x e x '=+()g x 1(,)2-∞-1(,)2-+∞()g x ()h x-a故,即,所以. 8.【解析】(1). 令,得x =0或. 若a >0,则当时,;当时,.故在单调递增,在单调递减; 若a =0,在单调递增; 若a <0,则当时,;当时,.故在单调递增,在单调递减. (2)满足题设条件的a ,b 存在.(i )当a ≤0时,由(1)知,在[0,1]单调递增,所以在区间[0,l]的最小值为,最大值为.此时a ,b 满足题设条件当且仅当,,即a =0,.(ii )当a ≥3时,由(1)知,在[0,1]单调递减,所以在区间[0,1]的最大值为,最小值为.此时a ,b 满足题设条件当且仅当,b =1,即a =4,b =1.(iii )当0<a <3时,由(1)知,在[0,1]的最小值为,最大值为b 或.若,b =1,则,与0<a <3矛盾.若,,则或a =0,与0<a <3矛盾.(0)(0)(1)(1)>⎧⎨--⎩h g h g ≤132<⎧⎪⎨--⎪⎩a a e ≤312a e <≤2()622(3)f x x ax x x a '=-=-()0f x '=3ax =(,0),3a x ⎛⎫∈-∞+∞⎪⎝⎭U ()0f x '>0,3a x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0f x '<()f x (,0),,3a ⎛⎫-∞+∞⎪⎝⎭0,3a ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭()f x (,)-∞+∞,(0,)3a x ⎛⎫∈-∞+∞ ⎪⎝⎭U ()0f x '>,03a x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0f x '<()f x ,,(0,)3a ⎛⎫-∞+∞ ⎪⎝⎭,03a ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭()f x ()f x (0)=f b (1)2f a b =-+1b =-21a b -+=1b =-()f x ()f x (0)=f b (1)2f a b =-+21a b -+=-()f x 3327a a f b ⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭2a b -+3127a b -+=-a =3127a b -+=-21a b -+=a =a =-综上,当且仅当a =0,或a =4,b =1时,在[0,1]的最小值为–1,最大值为1. 9.【解析】(1)设,则,. 当时,单调递减,而, 可得在有唯一零点,设为. 则当时,;当时,. 所以在单调递增,在单调递减,故在存在唯一极大值点,即在存在唯一极大值点.(2)的定义域为.(i )当时,由(1)知,在单调递增,而,所以当时,,故在单调递减,又,从而是在的唯一零点.(ii )当时,由(1)知,在单调递增,在单调递减,而,,所以存在,使得,且当时,;当时,.故在单调递增,在单调递减.又,,所以当时,.从而 在没有零点.1b =-()f x ()()g x f 'x =1()cos 1g x x x=-+21sin ())(1x 'x g x =-++1,2x π⎛⎫∈- ⎪⎝⎭()g'x (0)0,()02g'g'π><()g'x 1,2π⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭α(1,)x α∈-()0g'x >,2x α⎛π⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0g'x <()g x (1,)α-,2απ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭()g x 1,2π⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭()f 'x 1,2π⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭()f x (1,)-+∞(1,0]x ∈-()f 'x (1,0)-(0)0f '=(1,0)x ∈-()0f 'x <()f x (1,0)-(0)=0f 0x =()f x (1,0]-0,2x ⎛π⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦()f 'x (0,)α,2απ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭(0)=0f '02f 'π⎛⎫< ⎪⎝⎭,2βαπ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0f 'β=(0,)x β∈()0f 'x >,2x βπ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0f 'x <()f x (0,)β,2βπ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭(0)=0f 1ln 1022f ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭0,2x ⎛π⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦()0f x >()f x 0,2⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦π(iii )当时,,所以在单调递减.而,,所以在有唯一零点.(iv )当时,,所以<0,从而在没有零点. 综上,有且仅有2个零点.10.【解析】(1)f (x )的定义域为. 因为,所以在(0,1),(1,+∞)单调递增. 因为f (e )=,, 所以f (x )在(1,+∞)有唯一零点x 1,即f (x 1)=0. 又,, 故f (x )在(0,1)有唯一零点. 综上,f (x )有且仅有两个零点.(2)因为,故点B (–ln x 0,)在曲线y =e x 上. 由题设知,即, 故直线AB 的斜率.曲线y =e x在点处切线的斜率是,曲线在点处切线的斜率也是,,2x π⎛⎤∈π ⎥⎝⎦()0f 'x <()f x ,2π⎛⎫π ⎪⎝⎭02f π⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭()0f π<()f x ,2π⎛⎤π ⎥⎝⎦(,)x ∈π+∞ln(1)1x +>()f x ()f x (,)π+∞()f x (0,1)(1,)+∞U 211()0(1)f x x x '=+>-()f x e 110e 1+-<-22222e 1e 3(e )20e 1e 1f +-=-=>--1101x <<1111111()ln ()01x f x f x x x +=-+=-=-11x 0ln 01e x x -=01x 0()0f x =0001ln 1x x x +=-0000000000111ln 111ln 1x x x x x k x x x x x x +---===+-----001(ln ,)B x x -01x ln y x =00(,ln )A x x 01x所以曲线在点处的切线也是曲线y =e x 的切线.11.【解析】(1)的定义域为,.(i )若,则,当且仅当,时,所以在单调递减.(ii )若,令得,或.当时,; 当时,.所以在,单调递减,在单调递增.(2)由(1)知,存在两个极值点当且仅当.由于的两个极值点,满足,所以,不妨设,则.由于,所以等价于.设函数,由(1)知,在单调递减,又,从而当时,.所以,即. 12.【解析】(1)当时,等价于.设函数,则.ln y x =00(,ln )A x x ()f x (0,)+∞22211()1a x ax f x x x x -+'=--+=-2≤a ()0'≤f x 2a =1x =()0f x '=()f x (0,)+∞2a >()0f x '=2a x -=2a x +=)x ∈+∞U ()0f x '<x ∈()0f x '>()fx)+∞()f x 2a >()f x 1x 2x 210x ax -+=121x x =12x x <21x >12121221212121222()()ln ln ln ln 2ln 11221f x f x x x x x x a a a x x x x x x x x x x ----=--+=-+=-+----1212()()2f x f x a x x -<--22212ln 0x x x -+<1()2ln g x x x x=-+()g x (0,)+∞(1)0g =(1,)x ∈+∞()0g x <22212ln 0x x x -+<1212()()2f x f x a x x -<--1=a ()1≥f x 2(1)e10-+-≤xx 2()(1)1-=+-xg x x e22()(21)(1)--=--+=--x x g'x x x e x e当时,,所以在单调递减. 而,故当时,,即. (2)设函数.在只有一个零点当且仅当在只有一个零点.(i )当时,,没有零点;(ii )当时,.当时,;当时,. 所以在单调递减,在单调递增. 故是在的最小值. ①若,即,在没有零点;②若,即,在只有一个零点;③若,即,由于,所以在有一个零点,由(1)知,当时,,所以. 故在有一个零点,因此在有两个零点.综上,在只有一个零点时,.13.【解析】(1)当时,,. 设函数,则. 当时,;当时,.1≠x ()0<g'x ()g x (0,)+∞(0)0=g 0≥x ()0≤g x ()1≥f x 2()1e -=-xh x ax ()f x (0,)+∞()h x (0,)+∞0≤a ()0>h x ()h x 0a >()(2)e xh'x ax x -=-(0,2)∈x ()0<h'x (2,)∈+∞x ()0>h'x ()h x (0,2)(2,)+∞24(2)1e=-ah ()h x [0,)+∞(2)0>h 2e 4<a ()h x (0,)+∞(2)0=h 2e 4=a ()h x (0,)+∞(2)0<h 2e 4>a (0)1=h ()h x (0,2)0>x 2e >xx 33342241616161(4)11110e (e )(2)=-=->-=->a a a a a h a a a()h x (2,4)a ()h x (0,)+∞()f x (0,)+∞2e 4=a 0a =()(2)ln(1)2f x x x x =++-()ln(1)1xf x x x'=+-+()()ln(1)1xg x f x x x'==+-+2()(1)x g x x '=+10x -<<()0g x '<0x >()0g x '>故当时,,且仅当时,,从而,且仅当时,. 所以在单调递增.又,故当时,;当时,.(2)(i )若,由(1)知,当时,,这与是的极大值点矛盾. (ii )若,设函数.由于当时,,故与符号相同. 又,故是的极大值点当且仅当是的极大值点..如果,则当,且时,, 故不是的极大值点.如果,则存在根,故当,且时,,所以不是的极大值点.如果,则.则当时,; 当时,.所以是的极大值点,从而是的极大值点 综上,. 14.【解析】(1)的定义域为,1x >-()(0)0g x g =≥0x =()0g x =()0f x '≥0x =()0f x '=()f x (1,)-+∞(0)0f =10x -<<()0f x <0x >()0f x >0a ≥0x >()(2)ln(1)20(0)f x x x x f ++->=≥0x =()f x 0a <22()2()ln(1)22f x xh x x x ax x ax ==+-++++||min{x <220x ax ++>()h x ()f x (0)(0)0h f ==0x =()f x 0x =()h x 2222222212(2)2(12)(461)()1(2)(1)(2)x ax x ax x a x ax a h x x x ax x ax x ++-++++'=-=++++++610a +>6104a x a +<<-||min{x <()0h x '>0x =()h x 610a +<224610a x ax a +++=10x <1(,0)x x∈||min{x <()0h x '<0x =()h x 610a +=322(24)()(1)(612)x x h x x x x -'=+--(1,0)x ∈-()0h x '>(0,1)x ∈()0h x '<0x =()h x 0x =()f x 16a =-()f x (,)-∞+∞,(ⅰ)若,则,所以在单调递减. (ⅱ)若,则由得.当时,;当时,, 所以在单调递减,在单调递增. (2)(ⅰ)若,由(1)知,至多有一个零点.(ⅱ)若,由(1)知,当时,取得最小值,最小值为. ①当时,由于,故只有一个零点; ②当时,由于,即,故没有零点; ③当时,,即. 又,故在有一个零点.设正整数满足,则. 由于,因此在有一个零点. 综上,的取值范围为.15.【解析】(1)的定义域为.设,则,等价于. 因为,,故,而,,得. 若,则.当时,,单调递减;当时,,单调递增.所以是的极小值点,故.综上,.2()2(2)1(1)(21)x x x x f x ae a e ae e '=+--=-+0a ≤()0f x '<()f x (,)-∞+∞0a >()0f x '=ln x a =-(,ln )x a ∈-∞-()0f x '<(ln ,)x a ∈-+∞()0f x '>()f x (,ln )a -∞-(ln ,)a -+∞0a ≤()f x 0a >ln x a =-()f x 1(ln )1ln f a a a-=-+1a =(ln )0f a -=()f x (1,)a ∈+∞11ln 0a a-+>(ln )0f a ->()f x (0,1)a ∈11ln 0a a-+<(ln )0f a -<422(2)e(2)e 22e 20f a a ----=+-+>-+>()f x (,ln )a -∞-0n 03ln(1)n a>-00000000()e (e 2)e 20nnnnf n a a n n n =+-->->->3ln(1)ln a a->-()f x (ln ,)a -+∞a (0,1)()f x (0,)+∞()ln g x ax a x =--()()f x xg x =()0f x ≥()0g x ≥(1)0g =()0g x ≥(1)0g '=1()g x a x'=-(1)1g a '=-1a =1a =1()1g x x'=-01x <<()0g x '<()g x 1x >()0g x '>()g x 1x =()g x ()(1)0g x g =≥1a =(2)由(1)知,. 设,则. 当时,;当时,.所以在单调递减,在单调递增.又,,,所以在有唯一零点,在有唯一零点1,且当时,;当时,;当时,.因此,所以是的唯一极大值点. 由得,故. 由得,. 因为是在的最大值点,由,得.所以.16.【解析】(1)的定义域为.①若,因为,所以不满足题意; ②若,由知,当时,;当时,,所以在单调递减,在单调递增,故是在的唯一最小值点.由于,所以当且仅当a =1时,. 故a =1.(2)由(1)知当时, 令得,从而 2()ln f x x x x x =--()22ln f x x x '=--()22ln h x x x =--1()2h x x'=-1(0,)2x ∈()0h x '<1(,)2x ∈+∞()0h x '>()h x 1(0,)21(,)2+∞2()0h e ->1()02h <(1)0h =()h x 1(0,)20x 1[,)2+∞0(0,)x x ∈()0h x >0(,1)x x ∈()0h x <(1,)x ∈+∞()0h x >()()f x h x '=0x x =()f x 0()0f x '=00ln 2(1)x x =-000()(1)f x x x =-0(0,1)x ∈01()4f x <0x x =()f x (0,1)1(0,1)e -∈1()0f e -'≠120()()f x f e e -->=220()2ef x --<<()f x (0,)+∞a 0≤11()ln 2022f a =-+<>0a ()1a x a f 'x x x-=-=()0x ,a ∈()<0f 'x (),+x a ∈∞()>0f 'x ()f x (0,)a (,)a +∞x a =()f x (0,)+∞()10f =()0f x ≥(1,)x ∈+∞1ln 0x x -->112n x =+11ln(1)22n n+<故而,所以m 的最小值为3.17.【解析】(Ⅰ).(i )设,则,只有一个零点.(ii )设,则当时,;当时,. 所以在上单调递减,在上单调递增. 又,,取满足且,则 ,故存在两个零点. (iii )设,由得或. 若,则,故当时,, 因此在上单调递增.又当时,, 所以不存在两个零点. 若,则,故当时,; 当时,.因此在上单调递减, 在上单调递增.又当时,, 所以不存在两个零点.综上,的取值范围为.(Ⅱ)不妨设,由(Ⅰ)知,, 又在上单调递减,所以等价于, 即.由于,而,所以.设,则.221111111ln(1)ln(1)ln(1)112222222n n n ++++⋅⋅⋅++<++⋅⋅⋅+=-<2111(1)(1)(1)222n e ++⋅⋅⋅+<23111(1)(1)(1)2222+++>'()(1)2(1)(1)(2)xxf x x e a x x e a =-+-=-+0a =()(2)xf x x e =-()f x 0a >(,1)x ∈-∞'()0f x <(1,)x ∈+∞'()0f x >()f x (,1)-∞(1,)+∞(1)f e =-(2)f a =b 0b <ln2ab <223()(2)(1)()022a fb b a b a b b >-+-=->()f x 0a <'()0f x =1x =ln(2)x a =-2ea ≥-ln(2)1a -≤(1,)x ∈+∞'()0f x >()f x (1,)+∞1x ≤()0f x <()f x 2ea <-ln(2)1a ->(1,ln(2))x a ∈-'()0f x <(ln(2),)x a ∈-+∞'()0f x >()f x (1,ln(2))a -(ln(2),)a -+∞1x ≤()0f x <()f x a (0,)+∞12x x <12(,1),(1,)x x ∈-∞∈+∞22(,1)x -∈-∞()f x (,1)-∞122x x +<12()(2)f x f x >-2(2)0f x -<222222(2)(1)x f x x ea x --=-+-22222()(2)(1)0xf x x e a x =-+-=222222(2)(2)x x f x x e x e --=---2()(2)xx g x xex e -=---2'()(1)()x x g x x e e -=--所以当时,,而,故当时,. 从而,故. 18.【解析】(I )证明:∵当时, ∴在上单调递增 ∴时,∴(Ⅱ), 由(Ⅰ)知,单调递增,对任意的,, ,因此,存在唯一,使得,即当时,,,单调递减; 当时,,,单调递增. 因此在处取得最小值,最小值为. 于是,由,得单调递增. 所以,由,得,因为单调递增,对任意的,存在唯一的,,使得,所以的值域为.综上,当时,有最小值,的值域为.19.【解析】(Ⅰ).1x >'()0g x <(1)0g =1x >()0g x <22()(2)0g x f x =-<122x x +<()2e 2xx f x x -=+()()()22224e e 222xxx x f x x x x ⎛⎫-' ⎪=+= ⎪+++⎝⎭x ∈()()22,-∞--+∞U ,()0f x '>()f x ()()22,-∞--+∞,和0x >()2e 0=12xx f x ->-+()2e 20x x x -++>33(2)(2)2()(())x x e a x x g x f x a x x-+++'==+()f x a +[)01a ∈,(0)10f a a +=-<(2)0f a a +=…(0,2]a x ∈()0a f x a +=()0a g x '=0a x x <<()0f x a +<()0g x '<()g x a x x >()0f x a +>()0g x '>()g x ()g x a x x =22(1)()(1)()2a a ax x x a a a a a a a e a x e f x x e g x x x x -+-+===+()2ax a e h a x =+2(1)()02(2)x x e x e x x +'=>++2x e x +(0,2]a x ∈0221()2022224a x a e e e e h a x =<==+++„2x e x +21(,]24e λ∈(0,2]a x ∈()[0,1)a af x =-∈()h a λ=()h a 21e 24⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦,[0,1)a ∈()g x ()h a ()h a 21e 24⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦,()2sin 2(1)sin f x a x a x '=---(Ⅱ)当时,因此,.当时,将变形为. 令,则是在上的最大值,,,且当时,取得极小值, 极小值为. 令,解得(舍去),. (ⅰ)当时,在内无极值点,,,,所以.(ⅱ)当时,由,知.又,所以. 综上,. (Ⅲ)由(Ⅰ)得. 当时,.当时,,所以.当时,,所以.20.【解析】(Ⅰ).若,则当时,,;当时,,.1a …|()||sin 2(1)(cos 1)|f x a x a x '=+-+2(1)a a +-„32a =-(0)f =32A a =-01a <<()f x 2()2cos (1)cos 1f x a x a x =+--2()2(1)1g t at a t =+--A |()|g t [1,1]-(1)g a -=(1)32g a =-14at a-=()g t 221(1)61()1488a a a a g a a a--++=--=-1114a a --<<13a <-15a >105a <„()g t [1,1]-|(1)|g a -=|(1)|23g a =-|(1)||(1)|g g -<23A a =-115a <<(1)(1)2(1)0g g a --=->1(1)(1)()4ag g g a-->>1(1)(17)|()||(1)|048a a a g g a a--+--=>2161|()|48a a a A g a a -++==2123,05611,18532,1a a a a A a a a a ⎧-<⎪⎪++⎪=<<⎨⎪-⎪⎪⎩„…|()||2sin2(1)sin |2|1|f x a x a x a a '=---+-„105a <„|()|1242(23)2f x a a a A '+-<-=剟115a <<131884a A a =++…|()|12f x a A '+<„1a …|()|31642f x a a A '--=剟|()|2f x A '„()(e 1)2mxf x m x '=-+0m ≥(,0)x ∈-∞10mxe -≤()0f x '<(0,)x ∈+∞10mxe-≥()0f x '>若,则当时,,;当时,,.所以,在单调递减,在单调递增.(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)知,对任意的,在单调递减,在单调递增. 故在处取得最小值.所以对于任意,,的充要条件是:,即 ① 设函数,则. 当时,;当时. 故在单调递减,在 单调递增.又,,故当时,. 当时,,即①式成立; 当时,由得单调性,,即; 当时,,即综上,的取值范围是.0m <(,0)x ∈-∞10mxe ->()0f x '<(0,)x ∈+∞10mxe-<()0f x '>()f x (,0)-∞(0,)+∞m ()f x [1,0]-[0,1]()f x 0x =1x 2x [1,1]∈-12|()()|1f x f x e --≤(1)(0)1(1)(0)1f f e f f e --⎧⎨---⎩≤≤11m m e m e e m e -⎧--⎨+-⎩≤≤()1tg t e t e =--+()1tg t e '=-0t <()0g t '<0t >()0g t '>()g t (,0)-∞(0,)+∞(1)0g =1(1)20g e e --=+-<[1,1]t ∈-()0g t ≤[1,1]m ∈-()0,()0g m g m -≤≤1m >()g t ()0g m >1me m e ->-1m <-()0g m ->1mem e -+>-m [1,1]-。