专四语法考点串讲之五倒装句★倒装考点口诀倒装两大类，全倒部分倒；主倒从不倒;全倒分两种：副词、地点介短在句首;部分倒装分六种:否定副词在句首，only加状在句首，so ... that结构so提前，承前否定/肯定neither nor/so, 状语从句as/ though，省去if虚拟句一、全部倒装1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里(1) The birds flew away. →Away flew the birds.(2) The rain came down. →Down came the rain.2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
（1）山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.（2）教室外面站着一个男孩。
Outside the classroom stood a boy.二、部分倒装1. Only+状语位于句首时(1)He only found it important to get along with others then. →Only then did he find it important to get along with others.We can only make great progress in this way. →Only in this way can we make great progress.2. 否定副词及短语位于句首时。
常考的这类词或词语有：not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。
I have never seen such a beautiful place. →Never have I seen such a beautiful place.3. 在省略if的虚拟条件从句中。
（1）如果我是你，我会努力学习。
Were I you, I would work hard.（2）如果明天下雨的话，我们就延迟会议。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meetin（3）假如他听从了我的建议，他早就成功了。
Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.4、so\ neither\ nor 位于句首的情况。
1.So + 助动词+主语…也一样。
So + 主语+ 助动词…确实如此。
2.Neither 和Nor 用于否定句，表示“也不，也没有”。
Neither\ Nor +助动词+主语5、as/though引导的让步状语从句名词\形容词\副词\动词+as\though+主语+其他6、在“so + adj./adv. + that…”句式中，将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首时的倒装。
So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English特殊倒装句型：not only …but also…句式的倒装Not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well. (前倒后不倒)考点倒装四注意：1、as/ though从句的表语是名词，倒装后其名词前不加任何冠词As he is a child---child as he is2、if 虚拟句Were it not...或者Had it not been...,但不可以说Weren‟ t it... 或者hadn‟t it been...（not 不提前）3、承前肯定so, 只能指定一件事情，两件事情用so it is(the same) with sb4、So + 助动词+主语：也一样So + 主语+ 助动词：的确如此四语法考点串讲之九：反义疑问句1) 反义疑问句的人称(1) 陈述部分主语是"I"时，附加问句的人称分二种情况：A. I hope that…, don't you? I can't believe it, can you?B. I will be 14 tomorrow, aren't I? I am interested in it, aren't I?(2) 陈述部分主语是everything、nothing、something等时看作单数，附加问句用it指代。
(3) 陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody、nobody、somebody、someone、no one 、anybody、any one等时看作复数，附加问句用they指代。
(4) 陈述部分主语是不定代词one时，附加问句用one指代。
1. You and I could hardly understand, ______?1995A. could IB. couldn’t youC. couldn’t weD. could we2) 情态动词：(1) 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有have to时，附加疑问句通常用助动词do。
(2) 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时，need做情态动词，附加疑问句仍用need，need 做实义动词时，附加问句用助动词do。
(3) 反意疑问句的陈述部分为had better时，附加问用助动词had。
(4) 反意疑问句的陈述部分为would rather时，附加问句用情态动词would(5) 反意疑问句的陈述部分为used to时，附加问句用助动词did。
1. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?2006A. didn’t itB. doesn’t thereC. usedn’t it?D. didn’t there(6) 反意疑问句的陈述部分为ought to时，附加问句用助动词should.(7) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语I wish to have a word with you, may I?(8) must在表示"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句： A. must do—mustn'tB. must be—随人称用系动词一般现在时C. must have done—didn't/haven't(9) 反意疑问句的陈述部分是wish时，附加问句用情态动词may。
3) 祈使句的反义疑问句：(1) do..., don't...?; don't..., do...,?1. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, _____?2008/1998 A. do you B. don't you C. will you D. won't you2. Do help yourself to some fruit, ______you?2000A. can’tB. don’tC. wouldn’tD. won’t3. When you have finished with that video tape, don't forget to put it in my drawer, ________？1997 A. do you B. will you C. don' t you D. won' t you(2) Let's 和let us后面的附加问句，分两种情况； A. let's包括对方在内，用shall we 或shan't we。
B. let us不包括对方在内，用will you 或won't you。
4) 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
1. She seldom goes to the theatre, _____?2010A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't she5) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式6) 复合句的反疑疑问句(1) 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定1. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ______?2003 A. hadn’t she B. hasn’t she C. wouldn’t she D. didn’t sh e(2) 上述部分主句谓语是I /we think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句：前肯定句，后用否定句；前有否定句，后面附加问句用肯定(I don't think)。
7) There+be句型的反意疑问句，附加问句用be there/be not there，由主语人称时态和数决定专四语法考点串讲之六小语法点一、反义疑问句的考点聚焦：1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren't I. I am a student, aren‟t I2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式It is impossible, isn't it? 5)must 在表示"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?6)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。