八上英语第六单元
(形容词、副词比较级经典材料)
初中英语中的比较用法
一、形容词、副词比的较级:
1、一般:加er、如:calmer、stronger、longer等
2、以e结尾的为了避免重复e,就直接加r,如 nicer、finer
3、以辅音字母(A 到 Z 除掉 A, E, I O, U, 一共 21 个)加y结尾的,把y改成i+er,如heavier、
4、以重读闭音节(单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组big,top,stop)结尾的,双写末尾辅音字母再加er,如bigger、thinner等
5、多音节和部分双音节的形容词、副词的比较级:前面加more,如:more interesting 等
6、规则变化good/well---better;bad/ill---worse;much/many---more;little--less;far--farther/f urther
用法拓展:
一、Even(甚至)、a little、a bit :略微,一点,much、a lot 、far等程度词+比较级
如:much stronger中much+stronger(比较级);a little taller (比较级)
a lot more fun :fun的比较级为 more fun 所以 a lot +比较级
二、比较级的用法用than引出比较的对象
如 he is more interested in PE than Chinese 中than 引出比较对象Chinese (语文)注意:有了than(比)就要跟比较的对象,且比较的对象之间要相一致
如: He has more books than Jim (对) he 和Jim 是一致的:人与人比较,
His books are more than Jim (错)因为 His books 与Jim 不一致,故要改成Jim's
books/Jim's
三:than引导比较时,有重复的成分,可以省略,不省略时用助动词代词
如: He has more books than Jim (does)这个does就是指代has,
因为重复出现,故省略,不省略时,应该用does
He is more ethletic than Jim (is)也是同理
四:than 后面可以加代词的宾格、也可以加代词的主格
He has more books than her(宾格)
He has more books than she(does)主格
五、无需引出比较对象时,就不用than,反之。
有了than,就要有比较的对象
比较级的特别用法:
1、more and more,越来越。
(more指代形容词或副词的比较级,下同)
2、the more,the more :越。
越。
3、less 、more都可跟部分双音节或多音节形容词或者副词构成比较级,两者意刚好义相反
4、the more of the two :两者中更。
的一个,
如 the taller of the twin brothers 双胞胎兄弟中更高的一个
比较级易错题:
Who is good at PE,Tom or Jim good改成better(看到or想到比较级)
She is a little outgoing than me outgoing 改成more outgoing
This box is much heavy 。
Heavy 改成heavier
John's homework is much more than Jim 。
Jim 改成Jim's
(看到 a little、a lot、much、even、far想到比较级)
He has much more homework than I (do)对
He has much more homework than me(对)
He has much more homework than me do错
(than后可跟主格,省略助动词,如例句1中的do;也可以跟宾格,但是后面没有助动词)I have few books than you 。
Few 改成fewer
He does much work than me。
Much改成more
(看到than,就用比较级)
My hair is longer than her 。
Her改成hers=her hair
(比较的对象要一致,my hair 不能跟she 比较)
注意:very、too 、quite、so、as。
as只跟形容词、副词的原级,不跟比较级。
二、as ....as的形容词或者副词的原级比较,第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词,如:
1、He is as tall as Jim (is)
2、He is as good at PE as anyone else(is)(任何一个其它人)
3、He has much money as she ( does)
否定形式:not as 。
as 或者not so 。
As。
或者never/seldom/hardly so/ as 。
As
如 He is not so/as tall as Jim (is)
He doesn't have so/as much money as she ( does)
He never runs so/ as fast as Jim does
三、倍数的比较,经典例子:half an hou r,half(倍数词) 为:半倍,an hour:名词即:倍数词+名词:构成倍数的比较,
常见的倍数词用time(可数);two times =double:双倍、两倍;half:半倍,一半
表示大小、尺寸的名词:size、width(宽度)、length(长度)、height(高度),weight (重量)
This room is three times the size of that one 。
这个房间的大小是那个房间的三倍。
The book is double(=two times)the weight of that one 。
这书的重量是那本书的两倍。
拓展一、倍数词+as....as结构
This room is three times the size of that one 。
这个房间的大小是那个房间的三倍。
=This room is three times as big as than that one。
这个房间的大小是那个房间的
三倍大。
The book is double(=two times)the weight of that one 。
这书的重量是那本书的两倍。
=The book is double(=two times)as heavy as that one 。
这书的重量是那本书的两倍重。
拓展二、倍数词+比较级
This room is three times the size of that one 。
这个房间的大小是那个房间的三倍。
=This room is three times bigger than that one。
这个房间比是那个房间大两倍。
The book is double(=two times)the weight of that one 。
这书的重量是那本书的两倍。
=The book is one time heavier than that one 。
这本书比那本书重一倍。