食品专业英语常用词汇海南大学食品学院编2007.09.26化学名词中常用的数目词头1/2 hemi, semi 19 nonadeca1 mono, uni 20 eicosa2 di, bi, bis 21 heneicosa3 tri, ter 22 docosa4 tetra, quadri 23 tricosa5 penta,quinqui,quinque 24 tetracosa6 hexa, sexi 25 pentacosa7 hepta, septi 26 hexocosa8 octa 27 heptacosa9 ennea, nona 28 octacosa10 deca 29 nonacosa11 undeca, hendeca 30 triaconta12 dodeca 31 hentriaconta13 trideca 40 tetraconta14 tetradeca 50 pentaconta15 pentadeca 60 hexacoonta16 hexadeca 70 heptaconta17 heptadeca 80 octaconta18 octadeca 90 enneaconta 1、词头mono- 一uni- 一bi- 二di- 二tri- 三tertio- 三tertrial- 三tetra- 四quart- 四penta- 五hexa- 六hepta- 七octa- 八nona- 九deca- 十undeca- 十一dodeca- 十二trideca- 十三tetradeca- 十四pentadeca- 十五hexadeca- 十六Heptadeca- 十七Octadeca- 十八Nonadeca- 十九Arachidic- 二十Methyl- 甲基Ethyl- 乙基Propyl- 丙基Butyl- 丁基Amyl- 戊基Hexyl- 己基Heptyl- 庚基Octyl- 辛基Nonyl- 壬基Decyl- 癸基Cyclo- 环Iso- 异Hemi- 半Semi- 半Hemo- 血Homo- 同Holo- 完全Heter(o)- 杂，异，其它Ov- 卵alkane 烷烃paraffin 石蜡olefin 石蜡alkene 烯烃alkyne 炔烃alcohol 醇ketone 酮aldehyde 醛phenol 酚ether 醚acid 酸ester 酯amine 胺amide 酰胺acylhalide 酰卤halide 卤代物quinone 醌hyper- 过于，超，极度super- 过于，超，极度hypo- 次，亚，在…之下per- 高oligo- 寡，少数的ortho- 正-，邻-，（o-）meta- 偏-，间-，(m-) para- 傍-，对-，副- normal 正-trans 反-cis 顺-benzyl 苄基benzoyl 苯甲酰（基）acetyl 乙酰基propionyl 丙酰基butyryl 丁酰基thionyl 亚硫酰基thio- 硫-sulfonyl- 磺酰fluoro- 氟代chloro- 氯代iodo- 碘代bromo- 溴代hydroxyl(l)- 羟基carboxy(l)- 羧基carbony(l)- 羰基alkyl 烷基alkoxyl 烷氧基amido 酰胺基amino 氨基imino 亚氨基sulfhydryl 巯基guanidino 胍基imidazole 咪唑基methylol 羟甲基methylene 亚甲基primary 伯-，一级secondary 仲-，二级tertiary 叔-，三级quaternary 季-，四级2、词尾-ane -烷-ene -烯-yne -炔-enol -烯醇-ol -醇-al -醛-aldehyde -醛-one -酮-amine -胺-amide -酰胺-imine -亚胺-ate -盐，-酯-ester -酯-ether -醚-ide -酐，-化- -ite -亚盐-itol -糖醇-oside -糖苷-onic -酮酸，-糖酸-ose -醛糖-ulose -酮糖-an -聚糖-yl -基-genin -配基-ase -酶3有机酸与核苷酸Formic acid 甲酸Acetic a. 乙酸Propionic a. 丙酸Butyric a. 丁酸Caproic a. 己酸Heptoic a. 庚酸Caprylic a. 辛酸Capric a. 癸酸Lauric a. 月桂酸Myristic a. 肉豆蔻酸Palmitic a. 棕榈酸（软脂酸）Palmitoleic a. 棕榈油酸Stearic a. 硬脂酸Oleic a. 油酸Linoleic a. 亚油酸Linolenic a. 亚麻酸eicosanoic 花生酸，二十烷酸Arachidonic 花生四烯酸butannoic 丁酸hexanoic 己酸heptylate, heptanoate 庚酸octanoic, octoic 辛酸decanoic 癸酸dodecanoic 十二酸tetradecanoic 十四酸hexadecanoic 十六酸9-hexadecenoic 十六-9-烯酸octadecanoic 十八酸9-octadecenoic 十八-9-烯酸9,12,15-octadecatrienoic 十八碳三烯酸Arachidic 二十酸5,8,11,14-eicostetraenoic 二十碳四烯酸13-docosenoic 二十二碳-13-烯酸Citric 柠檬酸Lactic 乳酸Acetic 乙酸，醋酸Malic 苹果酸Tartaric 酒石酸Oxalic 草酸Amber 琥珀酸Fumaric 富马酸Succinic 琥珀酸Tannic 丹宁酸Tannin 单宁Benzoic 苯甲酸Sorbic 山梨酸Adenosine(A) 腺苷Guanosine(G) 鸟苷Cyridine(C) 胞苷Uridine(U) 尿苷Thymine(Thy) 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine(Cyt) 胞嘧啶Uracil(Ura) 尿嘧啶Nucleic acid 核酸Nucleotide 核苷酸Ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleic 脱氧核糖核酸Nucleoside 核苷Ribose 核糖Purine 嘌呤Adenine(Ade) 腺嘌呤Guanine(Gua) 鸟嘌呤Pyrimidine 嘧啶4糖类与脂类furanose 呋喃糖pyranose 吡喃糖arabinose 阿拉伯糖xylose 木糖ribose 核糖glucose 葡萄糖fructose 果糖galactose 半乳糖mannose 甘露糖sorbose 山梨糖fucose 岩藻糖galacturonic acid 半乳糖醛酸glucuronic acid 葡萄糖醛酸oligosaccharide 寡糖oligose 寡糖polysaccharide 多糖polyose 多糖mucopolysaccharide 粘多糖sucrose 蔗糖maltose 麦芽糖isomaltose 异麦芽糖dextrin 糊精cyclodextrin 环状糊精amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉glycogen 糖原cellulose 纤维素hemicellulose 半纤维素pectic substances 果胶质protopectin 原果胶levulose 左旋糖dextrose 右旋糖monosaccharide 单糖monose 单糖monosaccharose 单糖disaccharide 双糖disaccharose 双糖triose 三碳糖tetrose 四碳糖aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖homoglycan 同（均）聚糖heteroglycan 杂聚糖glycan 聚糖glycosan 聚糖glucan 葡聚糖fructosan 果聚糖xylan 木聚糖mannan 甘露聚糖hexosan 己聚糖glycoside 糖苷，配糖物glucosyl 葡萄糖（基）glycerol 甘油glycerine 甘油glycoritol 甘油酸盐glycerate 甘油糖醇sorbitol 山梨糖醇glucitol 葡萄糖醇xylitol 木糖醇mannitol 甘露糖醇syrup 糖浆golden syrup 糖蜜，佐餐糖浆molasses （废）糖蜜caramel 焦糖，酱色molasses mass 废糖蜜浆caramelize 焦糖化saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸glyceride 甘油酯glycerin ester 甘油酯triglyceride 甘油三酸酯tristearin 三硬脂酸甘油酯glycerin 单硬脂酸甘油酯triolein 三油酸甘油酯phosphatide 磷脂phospholipid 磷脂glycerophospholipid 甘油磷脂lecithin 卵磷脂cephalin 脑磷脂glycolipid 糖酯choline 胆碱inositol 肌醇ethanolamine 乙醇胺sterol 固醇cholesterol 胆固醇steroid 类固醇化合物5、分析reagent 试剂sequestering agent 螯合剂chelating agent 螯合剂qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析methyl red 甲基红methyl orange 甲基橙neutral red 中性红sensuous identification 感观鉴定optical analysis 光学分析accuracy 准确度precision 精密度deviation 偏差error 误差visible - ultraviolet 可见-紫外absorbance 吸光度spectral curve 光谱曲线titrimetry 滴定分析standard curve 标准曲线standardization 标定fluorometry 荧光分析法fluorescence 荧光spectrometry 光谱测定法mass spectrometry 质谱法volumetric flask 容量瓶beaker 烧杯flask 烧瓶conical flask 三角瓶graduated cylinder 量筒funnel 漏斗desiccator 干燥器desiccant 干燥剂drying oven 烘箱defecate 用石灰澄清defect 缺陷，疵病6、无机盐sodium carbonate 碳酸钠sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠sodium bisulphate 硫酸氢钠Sodium bisulphate 亚硫酸氢钠phosphite 亚磷酸盐phosphate 磷酸盐disodium phosphate 磷酸氢二钠phosphide 磷化物Mono-sodium phosphate 磷酸氢钠nitrate 硝酸盐Nitrite 亚硝酸盐Sulphur(S) 硫Sulphuric acid 硫酸Sulphate(sulfate) 硫酸盐Sulphurous acid 亚硫酸Sulphite(sulfite) 亚硫酸盐Sulphide(sulfide) 硫化物oxide 氧化物fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟chloride 氯化物chlorine(Cl) 氯bromide 溴化物bromine(Br) 溴iodide 碘化物iodine(I) 碘carbide 碳化物silicate 硅酸盐iodate 碘酸盐Chloride 漂白粉bleaching powder 漂白粉high test hypochlorite 漂白精Hypochlorite 次氯酸盐Perchlorate 高氯酸盐Chlorate 正氯酸盐Hydroxide 氢氧根离子Chlorinity 氯含量Cyanide 氰化物Cyanic acid 氰酸7食品化学emulsifier 乳化器，乳化剂emulsion 乳浊液Glycerin monostearate 单硬脂酸甘油酯Soybean phospholipid 大豆磷脂spicery 香料，佐料seasoning 佐料，调味料seasoner 佐料，调味料Seasoning matter 佐料，调味料Sweet orange oil 甜橙油Mandarin oil 橘子油Lemon oil 柠檬油Spearmint oil 薄荷油vanillin 香兰素maltol 麦芽酚ethylmaltol 乙基麦芽酚Active carbon 活性碳diatomaceous 硅藻土kaolin 高岭土，白陶土antifoamer 消泡剂antiadhesive 抗粘着剂Anti-caking agent 抗结块剂Benzyl acetate 乙酸苄酯antimold 防霉剂Isoamyl acetate 乙酸异戊酯Antiseptic agent 消毒剂Sweetener 甜味剂Antitoxic 解毒剂Thickener 增稠剂Synergist 增效剂Sodium alginate 海藻酸钠Stabilizer 稳定剂carboxy methyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线desorption 解吸resorption 回吸moisture 湿度，水分centrifugate 离心clarify 澄清，净化clarification 澄清，净化homogenize 均质，均化homogenate 匀浆emulsify 乳化Deshell 脱壳Decorticate 脱皮Degum 脱胶Defatting 脱脂Dehull 脱壳Degrease 脱脂Hygroscopicity 吸湿性Diffusion 扩散性Viscosity 粘性，粘度Volatility 挥发性Plasticity 可塑性permeability 渗透性Impermeability 不渗透性，气密性Osmotic pressure 渗透压Depolymerize 解聚Hydrolysis 水解作用Pyrolysis 热解，高温分解Browning 褐变Rancidity 酸败Palatability 可口性Lubrication 润滑Solubility 溶解度/性Solvability 溶解能力Dipolar 偶极Dielectric constant 介电常数Equilibrium constant 平衡常数8 常见食品分类名词mango 芒果cashew 腰果pomegranate 石榴guava 番石榴Passion fruit 西番莲mandarin(e) 蜜橘，橘orange 橙Litchi, lychee 荔枝longan 龙眼plum 李，梅jujube 枣hawthorn 山楂papaya 木瓜sugar cane 甘蔗Betel nut, areca 槟榔Chinese mustard 芥菜cinnamon 肉桂clove 丁香menthol 薄荷onion 洋葱ginger 姜scallion 葱chive 细香葱leek 韭菜garlic 蒜头garlic sprouts 蒜苗mustard 芥末spice 香料essence 香精sesame 芝麻soy sauce 酱油beef 牛肉pork 猪肉mutton 羊肉flesh of rabbit/hare 兔肉fish flesh 鱼肉seaweed 海藻laver 紫菜bean curd 豆腐sausage 香肠margarine 人造黄油yogurt 酸奶yolk 蛋黄Sauerkraut 泡菜pickled cabbage 腌菜Chinese cabbage 大白菜spinach 菠菜eggplant 茄子bitter melon 苦瓜bitter gourd 苦瓜cucumber 黄瓜cucumber in soy 酱黄瓜wax gourdwhite gourd冬瓜冬瓜cantaloup 香瓜，甜瓜pumpkin 南瓜dishcloth gourd 丝瓜pea 豌豆，青豆soy bean, soya 黄豆，大豆peanut 花生carrot 胡萝卜Chinese radish 萝卜lotus root 藕Cassava, manioc 木薯9 微生物学名Aspergillus 曲霉属A.flavus 黄曲霉A.foetidus 臭曲霉A.niger 黑曲霉A.oryzae 米曲霉amii 宇佐美曲霉Absidia 梨头霉属Acetobacter 醋酸杆菌属Agaricus 蘑菇属Bacillus 芽孢杆菌属Bacillus subtilis 枯草芽孢杆菌Brevibacterium 短杆菌属Candida 假丝酵母属Clostridium 梭状芽孢杆菌属Corynebacterium 棒杆菌属Escherichia coli 大肠埃希氏菌Hansenula 汉逊酵母属Lactobacillus 乳杆菌属Mucor 毛霉属Rhizopus 根霉属Rhodotorula 红酵母属Saccharomyces 酿酒酵母属Salmonella 沙门氏菌属streptococcus 链球菌属Trichoderma 木霉属Trichoderma viride 绿色木霉Willianus 威尔酵母菌10食品微生物及发酵diplobacillus 双杆菌colony 菌落spore 芽孢，孢子capsule 荚膜bacteriophage 噬菌体family 科hypha 菌丝spore 孢子Infect 感染，传染Infuse 浸制，泡制Commercial fermentation 工业发酵Feeding 进料Diffuse 浸提Corrupt 腐败的，不洁Defoam 消泡De-esterification 脱脂作用Degeneration 退化Degrade 退化，降解Depurate 净化，精制Desiccate 干燥Dextrine 糊精Assimilation 同化作用dissimilation 异化作用nitrification 硝化作用denitrification 反硝化作用Nitrogen fixation 固氮作用Pasteur fixation 巴氏效应fermentability 可发酵性Homofermentation 同型发酵heterofermentation 异型发酵Autolysis 自溶现象Schizogenesis 裂殖Budding 芽殖Dormancy 休眠Lag phage 延滞期Decline phase 衰亡期Stationary phase 稳定期Exponential growth 指数生长期Recipient 受体Log phage 对数生长期Corrosive 腐败性，腐蚀性deastringent 脱涩Clone 克隆Mutation 突变Mutant 突变体Mutagenesis 诱变Mutagen 诱变剂Variation 变异Genotype 基因型Prototroph 原氧型Auxotroph 营养缺陷型nutrient agar 营养琼脂nutrient broth 营养肉汤bean sprouts medium 豆芽汁培养基agar 琼脂meat extract 肉膏beef extract 牛肉膏malt wort 麦芽汁yeast extract 酵母膏agar slant 琼脂斜面contaminant 污染物（杂菌）inoculum 接种物inoculation 接种inoculate 接种culture transferring 移菌aseptic technique 无菌操作cultivation 培养purification 纯化sterilization 灭菌autoclave 高压灭菌tyndallization 间歇分段）灭菌filtration sterilization 过滤除菌inactivate 钝化，灭活incineration 灼烧灭菌pasteurization 巴氏消毒法confection 糖食，糖果candy 糖果，蜜饯colloid 胶体，胶态colloid mill 胶体磨congeal 凝固，冻凝order 目fungi 真菌fruiting 子实体exospore 外生孢子parasexuality 准性生殖actinomycetes 放线菌anaerobe 厌气菌obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌saprophytic bacteria 腐生菌Gram-positive 革兰氏阳性endospore 内生孢子eubacteria 真细菌aerobe 需氧菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌coccus 球菌microaerobe 微需氧菌diplococcus 双杆菌tetrads 四联球菌sarcina 八叠球菌coccubacillus 球杆菌flagellum 鞭毛pilus 菌毛sporicidal 杀死芽孢的gas vacuole 气泡protoplast 原生质体mycophage 真菌噬菌体trypsin 胰蛋白酶tryptic enzyme 姨蛋白酶gelatinase 明胶蛋白酶papain 木瓜蛋白酶inoculating needle 接种针loop 接种环incubator 培养箱activated sludge 活性污泥immobilized cell 固定化细胞flat-sour spoilage 平罐酸败infectious microbe 杂菌commercial strain 生产用菌株compound barm 混合酵母distillation 蒸馏conversion coefficient 转化率Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌rod 杆菌Decolorize 脱色Defecated 澄清的Degerming 消毒Denature 变性Deterioration 变质，退化Petri plate 培养皿Mash 醪液Spoilage 酸败，腐败primary fermentation 前发酵solid state fermentation 固态发酵liquid state fermentation 液态发酵secondary fermentation 后发酵shallow tray fermentation 浅盘发酵main fermentation 主发酵submerged fermentation 深层发酵batch fermentation 分批发酵continuous fermentation 连续发酵open fermentation 敞口发酵top fermentation 上面发酵bottom fermentation 下面发酵fermenter 发酵罐seeding tank 种子罐brewing 酿造aging 陈酿acidification 酸化作用antifoam agent 消泡剂acetification 醋化作用saccharification 糖化作用saccharine 糖精sacchariferous agents 糖化剂raw starter 曲koji 日本酒曲bran koji 麸曲liquid koji 液体曲medium 培养基Donor 供体11食品包装sealing 封口adhension 粘合labeling 加标，贴标bar code 条形码solid fibreboard 硬纸板箱corrugated box 瓦楞纸箱carton 盒three-piece can 三片罐jar 坛，广口瓶bag, pouch, sachet, sack 袋retort 杀菌，杀菌锅aluminium foil bag 铝袋crown 王冠盖tamperproof cap 防盗盖pilfer proof cap 扭断螺纹盖，防盗盖plug 塞子piston 活塞package 包装contents 内装物flexible package 软包装rigid package 刚性包装transparent package 透明包装See-through package 透明包装Outer package 外包装Exterior package 外包装Inner package 内包装Interior package 内包装domestic package 内销包装export package 出口包装returnable package 回收包装one-way package 不回收包装12食品工艺与设备centrifuge 离心机separator 分离机retort 杀菌器pasteurizer 消毒器gauge 表，计，量规milk gauge 牛乳比重计retort pouch 蒸煮袋vertical 立式horizontal 卧式plate 板式rotary 回转式scrapped 刮板式scrapped evaporator 刮板式蒸发器double-pipe 套管式blanching, scald 热烫lye peeling 碱液去皮juice screw-extractor 螺旋榨汁机spray drying 喷雾干燥grind 研磨，破碎subdivide 粉碎mill 糖厂，粉碎机colloid mill 胶体磨sterilizer 杀菌器processing in water 常压杀菌commercial sterilization 商业灭菌ultra high temperature 超高温杀菌(UHTS) baume hydrometer 波美比重计roasting 焙炒cure 腌制，熏干brine 盐水，卤水rinsed 漂洗chilling 冷却pickled 腌制dip 浸，浸distilled vinegar 白醋distiller’s grain 酒精dosage 剂量，补料educt 抽出物，浸提物emulsify 乳化homogenize 均质homogenate 均浆13食品酶与蛋白质lipase 脂肪酶lipoxidase 脂肪氧化酶lipoxygenase 脂肪氧合酶decarboxylase 脱羧酶exoenzyme 胞外酶exocellular enzyme 胞外酶endoenzyme 胞内酶endocellular enzyme 胞内酶nuclease 核酸酶ribonuclease 核糖核酸酶tannase 单宁酶cellobiase 纤维二糖酶trypsin 胰蛋白酶pepsin 胃蛋白酶bromelin 菠萝蛋白酶lipolytic enzyme 脂肪分解酶dehydratase 脱水酶dehydrase 脱水酶cellulose 纤维素酶cellulosic enzyme 纤维素酶lactase 乳糖酶peroxidase 过氧化物酶superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶dehydrogenase 脱氢酶hydroxylase 羟化酶phosphorylase 磷酸化酶phosphorylase 磷酸化酶amylase 胰淀粉酶glucoamylase 葡萄糖淀粉酶scurase 蔗糖酶invertase 转化酶maltase 麦芽糖酶fructosidase 果糖苷酶glucosidase 葡萄糖苷酶β-glucanase β-葡聚糖酶glycogenase 糖原酶pectase 果胶酶pectic enzyme 果胶酶Pectin estrase 果胶酯酶protease 蛋白酶peptidase 肽酶proteolytic enzyme 蛋白质分解酶rennet 凝乳酶rennin 凝乳酶renase 凝乳酶pancreatin 胰酶chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen 胰凝乳蛋白酶原catalase 过氧化氢酶oxidase 氧化酶oxygenase 加氧酶kinase 激酶pancreatic amylase 胰淀粉酶liquefying amylase 液化淀粉酶maltase 麦芽糖酶glycogenase 糖原酶pectin methylesterase 果胶甲酯酶protopectinase 原果胶酶diastase 糖化酶，淀粉酶amylase 糖化酶，淀粉酶diastatic 淀粉酶的covalent backbone 共价主链disulfide linkage/ bridge 二硫键oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶hydrolase 水解酶transferase 转移酶lyase 裂合酶isomerase 异构酶isoenzyme 同功酶isozyme 同功酶ligase 连接酶holoenzyme 全酶coenzyme 辅酶prosthetic group 辅基albumen 蛋白，蛋清，胚乳albumin 清蛋白casein 酪蛋白glucoprotein 糖蛋白glycoprotein 糖蛋白gluten 谷蛋白，面筋ovalbumin 卵清蛋白，卵白蛋白ovoglobulin 卵球蛋白immunoprotein 免疫蛋白质immune globulin 免疫蛋白antigen 抗原antibody 抗体histone 组蛋白insulin 胰岛素α-helix α-螺旋configuration 构型conformation 构象14 氨基酸Ala Alanine 丙氨酸Arg Arginine 精氨酸Asn Asparagine 天门冬酰氨Asp Aspartic acid 天门冬氨酸Cys Cysteine 半胱氨酸Cystine 胱氨酸Gln Glutamine 谷氨酰胺Glu Glutamic acid 谷氨酸Gly Glycine 甘氨酸GSH，GSS Glutathione 谷胱甘肽His Histidine 组氨酸Hyp Hydroxy praline 羟脯氨酸Ile Isoleucine 异亮氨酸Leu Leucine 亮氨酸Lys Lysine 赖氨酸Met Methionine 蛋氨酸Phe Phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸Pro Proline 脯氨酸Ser Serine 丝氨酸Thr Threonine 苏氨酸Try Tryptophan(e) 色氨酸Tyr Tyrosine 酪氨酸Val Valine 缬氨酸Ornithine 鸟氨酸Citrulline 瓜氨酸。