[00:00.00]Unit 4 text A Slavery on Our Doorstep[00:03.75]我们身边的奴役[00:07.50]There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants [00:11.38]据估计,在英国工作的外籍家庭佣人有两万多人[00:15.26]working in Britain (the exact figure is not known because the Home Office,[00:19.28](因为处理这项事务的政府部门---内政部[00:23.30]the Government department that deals with this,does not keep statistics)[00:26.68]没有做统计,所以不知道确切的数目).[00:30.07]Usually,they have been brought over by foreign businessmen,[00:32.85]通常,他们被外国商人,外交官[00:35.63]diplomats or Britons returning from abroad.[00:38.06]和从海外归来的英国人带来.[00:40.49]Of these 20,000,just under 2,000 are being exploited[00:44.42]两万名佣人中有近2000人被他们的雇主剥削,虐待,[00:48.35]and abused by their employers according to a London-based campaigning group[00:56.01]which helps overseas servants working in Britain.[00:58.68]根据某个设在伦敦的帮助在英国工作的国外佣人的政治组织讲,[01:01.36]The abuse can take several forms.[01:04.29]虐待有多种形式.[01:07.21]Often the domestics are not allowed to go out,[01:12.96]and they do not receive any payment.[01:15.18]佣人经常不允许出去,也得不到任何报酬.[01:17.40]They can be physically,sexually and psychologically abused.[01:20.94]他们受到身体上的,性方面的和心理上的虐待.[01:24.48]And they can have their passports removed[01:26.91]他们的护照可能已被拿走,[01:29.34]making leaving or"escaping" virtually impossible.[01:32.46]使其实际上不可能离开或"逃走".[01:35.58]The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world [01:38.91]今年早些时候引起大众高度注意的事件中,[01:42.24]received much media attention earlier this yearin several highly publicised cases.[01:46.48]全世界女佣的悲惨善得到了媒体的注意.[01:50.71]In one of them,[01:52.39]其中一个事件是,[01:54.08]a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted ofmurder,[01:57.55]其中一个事件是,一个菲律宾女佣在被判谋杀罪后,在新加坡被处决.[02:01.03]despite protests from various quarters that her guilt[02:07.58]had not been adequately established.[02:09.96]尽管各方面都抗议她的罪行尚未充分证实.[02:12.34]Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other,less dramatic,cases [02:16.41]类似于国际反奴隶制的团体声称,其他一些不太富戏剧性的情况[02:20.49]are equally deserving of attention,[02:22.76]也同样值得注意,[02:25.03]such as that of Lydia Garcia a filipino maid working in London:[02:28.66]如一个在伦敦工作的菲律宾女佣,莉迪亚.加西亚事件.[02:32.29]"I was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989.[02:36.62]"我受雇于一位沙特外交官,1989年直接从菲律宾来伦敦工作.[02:40.94]I was supposed to be paid 120 but I never received that amount.[02:44.82]我本应该得到120英镑报酬,但我从示得到那个数目.[02:48.70]They always threatened that they would send me back to my country. [02:51.94]他们一直威胁说要把我遣送回国.[02:55.18]Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka.[02:57.75]此外,还有来自斯里兰卡的库马里事件.[03:00.32]The main breadwinner in her family,[03:02.56]她家主要靠她赚钱维持生计,[03:04.79]she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. [03:08.37]她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份微薄的工资.[03:11.95]Because she found it difficult to feed her four children,[03:14.57]因为发现很难养活她的四个孩子,[03:17.20]she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.[03:20.18]她接受了在伦敦做佣人的一份工作.[03:23.15]She says she felt like a prisoner at the London house where she worked [03:26.48]她说在那所她工作的伦敦房子里感觉像个囚犯:[03:29.82]"No days off--ever,no breaks at all,no proper food,[03:33.75]"没有假期--从来没有.根本没有间歇,没有适宜的食物.[03:37.68]I didn't have my own room;[03:39.81]我没有自己的房间,[03:41.94]I slept on a shelf with a space of only three feet above me.[03:45.62]睡在一个架子上,上面只有三英尺的空间.[03:49.30]I wasn't allowed to talk to anybody.[03:53.98]I wasn't even allowed to open the window.[03:56.25]不允许与任何人讲话,甚至不允许打开窗子.[03:58.52]My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police[04:02.35]我的雇主常威胁我要向内政部或警方报告.[04:06.18]At the end of 1994[04:08.40]1994年年底,[04:10.62]the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers[04:14.00]英国政府引进新的措施来帮助保护家务工作者,[04:17.38]from abuse by their employers.[04:19.45]使其免受雇主的虐待.[04:21.51]This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18,[04:24.99]其中包括把雇员的最低年龄提高到18岁,[04:28.46]getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet,[04:31.49]让雇员阅读并理解一份忠告传单,[04:34.52]getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions[04:38.54]使雇主同意提供适当的生活费用和条件,[04:42.57]and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job[04:45.75]把工作的主要条款和条件形成文字[04:48.94](of which the employees should see a copy).[04:51.37](雇员应看到副本).[04:53.80]However,many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.[04:57.93] 然而,许多工作人怀疑这样是否能成功地减少虐待发生.[05:02.05]For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics[05:08.30]who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions[05:11.42]但抱怨残酷生活和工作条件的车外女佣和家仆们面临的主要问题是[05:14.54]is thatthey do not have independent immigrant status[05:17.48]他们没有独立的移民身份,[05:20.42]and so cannot change employer.[05:22.64]因此就不能更换雇主[05:24.86](They are allowed in the United Kingdom under a special concession in the immigration rules[05:28.74](他们之所以能住宅区在英国[05:32.62]which allows foreigners to bring domestic staff with them.)[05:35.74]是因为移民法特许权允许外国专家人带的佣人住在英国).[05:38.86]So if they do complain,they risk being deported.[05:41.89]所以,他们真的抱怨的话,就有被驱逐出境的危险.[05:44.92]Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work[05:48.36]允许他们向不同的雇主寻求同样形式的工作.[05:51.79]but with a different employer,[05:55.45]if they so choose,is what groups like Anti-Slavery International [05:58.97]选择这样做的话,这就是像国际反奴隶制这样的组织正极力向政府争取的. [06:02.50]are campaigning the Government for.[06:07.23]It is,they say,the right to change employers[06:13.71]which distinguishes employment from slavery.[06:16.44]他们说,正是改换雇主的权利把雇佣和奴役区别开来.[06:19.17]Text B Return of The Chain Gang[06:21.84]带铁链的囚犯队又回来了[06:24.52]Eyewitnesses say it was a scene straight out of a black and white movie from the 1950s.[06:27.80]目击者称这是直接取自20世纪50年代一部黑白影片的一个镜头.[06:31.08]As the sun rose over the fields of Huntsville,Alabama,in the American South[06:34.11]当太阳升起在美国南部阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔的旷野上的时候,[06:37.14]the convicts got down from the trucks that had brought them there. [06:39.50]罪犯们从把他们带到那里的卡车上下来.[06:41.87]Watched over by guards with guns,[06:43.79]在携枪的警卫的监视下,[06:45.71]they raised their legs in unison[06:49.26]and made their wayto the edge of he highway,Interstate 65.[06:52.19]他们步伐一致地走向65号州际公路边.[06:55.11]The BBC's Washington correspondent Clare Boderson was there[06:57.95]BBC驻华盛顿记者克莱尔.博尔德森正在现场,[07:00.78]and she sent this report:[07:02.36]他发出如下报道:[07:03.94]"They wore white uniforms with the words "Chain Gang" on their backs [07:07.12] "他们穿着背印有'铁链囚犯队'的白色囚服,[07:10.29]and,in groups of five,[07:12.17]五人一组,[07:14.05]were shackled together in leg irons joined by an eight-foot chain. [07:16.98]用一条长八英尺的铁链将脚镣连在一起.[07:19.90]The prisoners will work for up to 90 days on the gang:[07:22.28]囚犯们要被拴盛开队,劳动长达90天.[07:24.66]they'll clear ditches of weeds and mend fences along Alabama's main roads[07:28.04]他们要清除阿拉巴马的主要公路沿线沟中的杂草,修理护栏.[07:31.42]While they are working on the gang,[07:33.25]他们被拴成一队工作时,[07:35.08]they'll also live in some of the harshest prison conditions in the United States.[07:38.06]还要住在美国最严酷的监狱环境中.[07:41.04]There'll be no televisions or phone calls;[07:43.16]没有电视或电话,[07:45.29]many other day-to-day privileges will be denied."[07:47.81]许多日常的基本权利也拒绝给予."[07:50.33]The authorities in Alabama[07:52.07]阿拉巴马州官方讲,[07:53.81]say there is a lot of support for there,introduction of chain gangs in the State[07:59.76]after a gap of 30 years[08:01.59]在30年后许多工作人支持在州里恢复用铁链把囚犯拴在起的做法[08:03.42](the last gangs were abolished in Georgia in the early 1960s).[08:06.24](在20世纪60年代早期佐治来州废除了最后一批铁链囚犯队).[08:09.06]Many people believe it is an effective way[08:13.64]to get criminals to pay back their debt to society.[08:15.86]许多工作人相信这是一种让罪犯向社会还清债务的有效途径.[08:18.08]The prisoners stay shackled when they use toilets.[08:20.35]囚犯们上厕所时也戴着镣铐,[08:22.62]They reacted sharply to the treatment they are given:[08:24.89]他们强烈反抗他们所受到的待遇.[08:27.17]Prisoner one: "This is like a circus.A zoo.[08:30.04]第一个囚犯说:"这像是一个马戏团,一个动物园.[08:32.91]All chained here to a zoo.We're all animals now."[08:35.64]这里所有的人都拴在动物园里,现在我们就像动物一样."[08:38.37]Prisoner two: "It's degrading. It's embarrassing."[08:41.25]第二个囚犯说:"这时污辱,令人困窘."[08:44.12]Prisoner three: "In chains. It's slavery!"[08:47.01]第三个囚犯说:"戴着锁链,这简直是奴隶制."[08:49.89]Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black,[08:52.26]每十个戴锁链的囚犯里有六个黑人,[08:54.62]which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by[08:57.65]这就是为什么使戴锁链的囚犯们想起几个世纪以前的奴隶制的情景.[09:00.68]when black people were brought from Africa in leg irons[09:03.01]那时,黑人戴着脚镣从非洲被带来,[09:05.33]and made to work in plantations owned by white men.[09:07.67]被近在白人拥有的种植园里干活儿.[09:10.01]Not surprisingly,[09:11.54]毫不令人奇怪的是,[09:13.06]although threequartersof the white population of Alabama supports chain gangs,[09:15.99]虽然3/4的阿拉巴马州的白人支持把囚犯用铁链拴在一起,[09:18.92]only a small number of black people do.[09:20.89]但只有少数黑人支持.[09:22.86]Don Claxton,spokesman for the State Government of Alabama,[09:25.84]阿拉巴马州政府发言人唐.克莱克斯顿坚持说,[09:28.82]insists that the system is not racist:[09:30.84]这种制度并非种族歧视:[09:32.87]"This isn't something that's done for racial reasons,for political reasons.[09:35.74]"并不是由于种族或政治原因而这样做.[09:38.61]This is something that's going to help save the people of Alabama tax money[09:41.39]这样做能帮助节省阿拉马马州的税收,[09:44.18]because they don't have to pay as many officers to work on the highways. [09:46.81]因为不必再为在公路上工作人员付报酬了.[09:49.45]And it's going to help clean up our highways[09:51.48]并且这也会帮助清理公路,[09:53.50]and it's going to help clean up the State."[09:55.38]有助于清洁整个州.[09:57.26]However,the re-introduction of these measures[10:01.91]has caused a great deal of strong disagreement.[10:03.99]然而,重新彩这些措施招致了许多强烈的反对.[10:06.07]Human rights organizations say that putting prisoners in chains[10:08.80]人权组织声称,把囚犯用铁链锁起来[10:11.53]is not only inhumane but also ineffective.[10:13.96]不公不人道,而且不起作用.[10:16.39]Alvin Bronstein,member of the Civil Liberties Union,[10:19.06]国民自由协会的成员阿尔文.布朗斯坦认为,[10:21.74]says that study after study has shown[10:23.92]多次研究表明[10:26.10]you cannot prevent people from committing crimesby punishment[10:31.07]or the threat of punishment:[10:32.89]通过惩罚或威胁智囊团不能阻止人们犯罪,[10:34.72]"What they will do is make prisoners more angry,more hostile,[10:37.40]"他们这样做的结果将是使犯人更恼怒,更有敌意.[10:40.08]so that when they get ut of prison,[10:41.82]因此当他们从监狱里出来时,[10:43.55]they will increase the level of their criminal behaviour."[10:45.83]就会犯更大大的罪行."[10:48.10]Civil liberties groups say that chaining people together[10:50.53]国民自由团体说,用铁链把人们锁在一起[10:52.96]doesn't solve the causes of crime,[10:54.94]解决不了犯罪的诱因,[10:56.93]such as poverty or disaffection within society.[10:59.20]如社会的贫穷或不满.[11:01.47]What it does is punish prisoners for the ills of society.[11:04.01]这样做就是因为社会的病态而惩罚罪犯.[11:06.54]They say the practice takes the United States back to the Middle Ages, [11:09.17]他们说这种行为会把美国带回中世纪,[11:11.79]and that it is a shame to American society.[11:13.97]这是美国社会的耻辱.[11:16.15]But that's not an argument likely to win favour[11:20.52]among many people in the Deep South of the United States.[11:22.84]但这种争论不大可能记得美国南方腹地人们的支持.[11:25.17]Alabama's experiment is to be widened to include more prisoners, [11:27.96]阿拉马州的实验(这种惩罚方式)将要被推广到更大多囚犯向上.[11:30.76]and other States,such as Arkansas and Arizona,[11:33.28]其他州,诸如阿肯钯州和亚利桑那州,[11:35.80]will very probably introduce their own chain gang schemes.[11:38.37]很可能要推行他们自己的为囚犯锁上铁链的计划.给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。