Unit 12 翻译中视角的转移
课时：
2H
教学目的要求：
认识并初步理解汉英翻译技巧中的正说反说技巧，并在实践中加以运用。
教学重点：
汉英翻译中的正说技巧，并能够根据提示灵活运用该技巧进行翻译，重点掌握表示正说常用的词汇。
教学难点：
如何使译文准确、地道。
教学内容：
◆Things could be expressed either in a positive way or in a negative way.
◆One of the biggest differences between Chinese and English.
⏹Warm-up practice:
1.今天的中东还很不安宁。
The Middle East today is far from peace. （反说正译）
2.他的解释不能让人满意。
His explanation is far from satisfactory. （反说正译）
试比较：His explanation is really not satisfactory.
3.黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，不安好心。
The weasel pays a courtesy to the hen with evil intent. (反说正译)
试比较：The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen not with the best of intentions.
4.我认为他的回答不对。
I don’t think his answer is correct. (正说反译法)/(反说正译) （注意句子结构
前后的对比）
5.天都这么晚了，我看她不会来啦。
It is so late; I don’t think she will come. (正说反译法)/ (反说正译) （注意前
后结构的对比）
⏹正说法（用英语形式上肯定的词表示中文意义上否定的意思）
表否定语气的动词fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, withhold, refrain from, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude etc.
1.他不愿意接受那笔款子。
He refused to take the money.
2.他去机场接朋友，可是在人群中未见到他。
He went to the airport to pick his friend up, but he missed him in the crowd.
3.他看了看桌上的点心，摇了摇头，一点也不吃。
He ran his eyes over the refreshments on the table but shook his head and refused to touch anything.
表否定语气的名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion etc.
1. 司机开车时，千万不能心不在焉。
A d river’s absence of mind is absolutely forbidden.
2. 我们完全不知道他的计划。
We are in complete ignorance of his plan.
3. 他未能旅行诺言，我们大家都很失望。
His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed every one of us.
形容词或形容词短语：few, little, free from, far from, safe from, short of etc.
1. 他的作文中几乎没有语法错误。
There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition.
2. 那家伙极不老实。
That fellow is far from being honest.
3. 所谓中国文明者，其实不过是安排给阔人享用的人肉的筵宴。
所谓中
国者，其实不过是安排这人肉的筵宴的厨房。
（鲁迅《灯下漫笔》）
Our vaunted Chinese civilization is only a feast of human flesh prepared for the rich and mighty. And China is only the kitchen where these feasts are prepared.
(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)
4. 欲速则不达。
More haste, less speed.
副词或副词短语：little, otherwise, too…to.. etc.
1. 显然他有不同的想法。
He evidently thinks otherwise.
2. 他兴奋得说不出话来了。
He was too excited to speak.
连词：unless, before, until, (rather)than, or etc.
1.机不可失，时不再来。
A golden opportunity knocks but once. (An opportunity is not likely to repeat to
repeat itself.)
2.他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。
He will die of hunger before he steals. He would rather die of hunger / starve than steal.
介词和介词短语：without, above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of etc.
1.这非我能力所及。
This is beyond my reach.
2.要不是你帮忙，我是无法按时完成那任务的。
Without your help, I could not have fulfilled the task in time.
含有半否定语气的词：seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, rarely
1.工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。
Slips are scarcely avoidable when you are new to your work
2.他太自私了，几乎谁也不喜欢他。
Hardly anybody likes him, because he is too self-centred.
英语惯用法
1.当心，油漆未干！
Watch out! Wet paint!
2.在未接到通知以前，切勿前来上课。
Before you receive any notice, be sure not to come for attendance.
3.在支票尚未核对以前出纳不得支付现金。
Before the check has been verified, the cashier is not to cash the money.
反说法（用英语形式上否定的英语词表达汉语肯定的意义）
1.他这学期全勤。
He has never missed a class this semester.
2.开卷有益。
One cannot read a book without leaning something.
3.我对你感激万分。
I couldn’t thank you enough.
4.直到喷气式发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。
Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersonic speeds.
5.智者千虑，必有一失。
Even the wise are not always free from errors.
Exercise:
Please use the skill to translate the following the sentences into English.
1. 你为何知情不报？
2. 这尊雕像历经大地震后毫发未损，仍然矗立。
3. 女儿未出嫁，是颗无价珠宝。
4. 谅你不敢再这么干。
5. 你借钱给那个无赖，不啻把钱丢海里。
6. 自然界中的作用力，必定要牵涉到两个或两个以上的物体。
7. 他一直渴望成功。
8. 男人有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处嘛。