过去完成时态学习目标1.了解过去完成时定义、构成、用法。
2.掌握过去完成时与现在完成时的区别及用法。
3.进一步学习延续性动词与非延续性动词的区别及转变。
定义：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的时间是过去的过去。
只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到这个时态。
这个时态常常用于宾语从句中。
构成：主+had+过去分词我们可以用time line来比较过去完成时与一般过去时的不同，也比较两种时态。
1.He said he had been to Hawaii twice.2.They wondered if the bus had gone.3.By the end of last year, he had learned 1000 English words .4.He had gone to England before 2000.5.When I got there, Mr. Li had left .一．过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如：She said that she had seen the film before.( 2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如：When I got to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.(3). 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 过去完成时用法一：1. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。
在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。
一、练习1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。
By yesterday evening, he ___________ (write) that letter2. 他说他以前见过你。
He said that he ____________(see) you before.3. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。
When I came in ,he ________________(finish) his homework.4.他告诉我说他们队已经赢了He told me that his team _________ already ___________ (win).过去完成时用法二：2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。
常用的动词为延续性动词。
如果动词为非延续性的，和一段时间连用时，要转变成延续性动词，常用动词总结如下：borrow--buy--open--close--start/begin-finish/end-die--sleep--leave--join--二、练习1.He said that he_____for two years.A.has been awayB.had been awayC.has left D had left2.By the time I got to the cinema, the film_____ for ten minutes.A.had begunB.had been onC.has beganD.has been on3.When I got outside,the bus ____ already_____.A.has left B has been away C.had left D.had been away4.We knew he _____the book for three years.A.has hadB.had hadC.has borrowedD.had borrowed三、练习1. After he _________ (finish) his work ，he went out2. The children ran away after they ___________ (break) the window.3. I went to Tom’s house but he __________ (go) out.4. Annie tells me that his father ____________ ( go ) to Paris and he ____________ ( come ) back in a few days5. My friend __________ (buy) the car two years ago. He ________________ (buy) it for two years.拓展训练1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.A.where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was seven?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt4. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked5. She said she __________ the film alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen6. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.A. has completed universityB. has completed the universityＣ. had completed an university D. had completed university7. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.A. forB. inC. byD. at8. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.9. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?A. did, doB. did, didC. has, doneD. had done10 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work11. By the end of last week, they ___ the bridge.A. has completedB. completedC. will completeD. had completed12. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.A. had learnedB. has learnedC. learnedD. learns。