作后置定语的短语及非谓语动词的归类一、作后置定语的短语源自于原定语从句。
A、形容词短语A problem (which/that is) difficult to solve.Hard to work out.Easy to handle.An actor (who/that is) famous for his fine acting.As Master.To us all.A rich man (who/that is) content/satisfied/pleased with what he has.A king (who/that is ) proud of his success.=(taking pride in his success.)The student (who/that is ) anxious to keep up with others.A school (which/that is ) far away from here.The house (which/that is ) different from ours.The word (which/that is ) common to most languages.Something (that is) wrong with the watch.(=the matter / the trouble with the watch.) The teacher (who/that is ) responsible for the class.(=in charge of the class.)A basket (which/that is ) full of eggs.(=filled with eggs.)A boy (who/that is) eager to go.(=anxious to go.)A man (who/that is) ready to die for justice.A man (who/that is ) afraid of making enemies.(=afraid to make enemies.)Books (which/that are) easy to digest.A state (which/that is) similar to mine.An opinion (which/that is) contrary to ours.A man (who/that is) often forgetful his promise.Customs (which/that is) peculiar to Japanese.A condition (which/that is) unfavourable to the enterprise.A girl (who/that is) ashamed of playing so badly.A city (which/that is) well-known for its hot spring.B、介词短语a man (who/that is ) of honour.(= an honoured man.= an honorable man )a mountain (which /that is ) of great height (= a very high mountain)a matter (which/that is ) of no importance (= an unimportant matter)a child (who/that is ) without home (= a homeless child)the man (who/that is ) at the door.The book (which/that is) on the desk.The shop (which/that is ) opposite the post office.A man (who/that is) with curly hair.A specialist in chest disease.Anxiety about your safety.Satisfaction with your workInterest in your studyIdeas behind the timesThe man in chargeNo thought about getting marriedNo trouble about smokingA lecture about smokingHis dream about becoming richA proposal about building a bridgeThe news at home and abroadConcern at hearing the newsDisappoint at not having received an invitationPride at meeting Tom againExcitement at hearing the wordThe reason for doing itMedicine for curing foolsC、名词词组和副词词组等a desk (which/that is ) two metres in widethe place (which/that is to the ) east of Chinachildren as young as sevenpeople more than sixtythe men over thereD、后置和前置问题有些形容词作定语时必须后置what else/more do you want to say?= Is there anything else/more you want to say?Nothing else/more.Anywhere quiet.有些形容词作定语时可后置也可前置I have enough money to buy the car.=I have money enough to buy the car.I have just come from the nearby village.=I have just come from the village nearby.Do you see the opposite house?=Do you see the house opposite?而副词作定语只能后置the statement below people inside the bridge thereour life abroad the distance across a day offin January last/next on Friday next on the day followingin time past the trend now the world today and tomorrow而有些词前置或后置时会产生不同意义the concerned (担忧的) mother the mother concerned (有关提到的)the present (现在的) members the members present(在场的)the involved (复杂的) issues the issues involved(牵涉的)the responsible (可靠的) man the man responsible (负责的)二、作后置定语源自于主谓（即实意动词）或主谓宾的定语从句可以缩短成以下五种非谓语动词形式。
五种形式：to do / to be donedoingdone / being doneA、1.to do 和to be done 作为不定式一般都表示尚未发生之事。
We still have a long way to go.=We still have a long way which / that we must go=We still have a long way (for us) to go.He had a lot of words to say to him.=He had a lot of words which/that he would say to him.=He had a lot of words (for him) to say to him.=He had a lot of words which/that would be said to him.=He had a lot of words to be said to him.2.但有例外。
如果先行词为序数词或形容词最高级，定语从句中的动作已发生，缩为非谓语动词时仍用不定式。
He was the first who broke the world record. = He was the first to break the world record.She was always the first who came here and the last who left here.=She was always the first to come here and the last to leave here.Inside the capsule was John Glenn, the first American to sail around the earth in space. China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.In 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize.He was only thirty-four years old--- the youngest man to ever receive this high honour.3.to do 既可以是关系代词作主语也可以是关系代词作宾语的定语从句的省略形式。
He is the very man to do the work. = He is the very man who(作主语) can do the work.I have a lot of things to do. = I have a lot of things that/which(作宾语) I must do.= I have a lot of things (for me) to do.4.当to do 是关系代词作宾语的定语从句的省略形式而后带有介词时，就必须考虑关系代词是作动词还是介词的宾语。