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医学微生物学 (第8版)课件:0 绪论

Exists in different shapes.
Morphology of Prokaryotes
Morphology of Bacteria
3、真核细胞型微生物: Eukaryotic Microorganism
细胞核的分化程度较高,有核膜、核仁和染色体; 胞质内有完整的细胞器(如内质网、核糖体及线粒 体等)。
The nucleus is an organelle that houses the DNA that makes up a cell's genome. DNA itself is arranged in complex chromosomes.
Unicellular eukaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes.
envelope); Multiply inside living cells by using the biosynthetic
machinery of the host.
Viruses can be classified into several morphological types
Helical, e.g. bacteriophage M13 Polyhedral/cubic, e.g. poliovirus Enveloped - may have polyhedral (e.g. herpes
Morphology of Fungus
二、微生物与人类的关系:
生物圈的物质循环: 生产者把无机物转化为有机物,给消费者消耗; 消费者产生的废弃物及生产者的残体被分解者消 化,又转化为无机物,返回环境,供植物重新利用。
Microbes Benefit Humans
Bacteria are primary decomposers - recycle nutrients back into the environment (sewage treatment plants);
如病毒、亚病毒等。
Properties of Viruses
Obligate intracellular parasites; Small; Contain a single type of nucleic acid, either DNA or
RNA; Contain a protein coat (the capsid); May contain a host-derived lipid membrane (the
课程设定
课 时: 总课时 = 理论 + 实验 50 = 32 + 18
期末总评:考试成绩 70% + 实验成绩 20% + 平驰于空想,不骛于虚声, 而惟以求真的态度作踏实的工夫。以此态度求学, 则真理可明;以此态度作事,则功业可就。
一分耕耘,一分收获,没有人能随随便便成功; 学习不是一天的事,而是一个学期的事; 裸考必挂。
种类众多,有古细菌、真细菌(细菌、螺旋体、支 原体、立克次体、衣原体和放线菌等)和蓝细菌。
Characteristics of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are the single-celled organisms and much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
显微镜总的放大倍率 = 物镜倍率(4、10、40、100倍)× 目镜倍率(5、10、15倍)
具有体型微小、结构简单、繁殖迅速、容易变异 及适应环境能力强等优点。
一、微生物种类与分布:
1、非细胞型微生物: Acellular Microorganism 没有典型的细胞结构,亦无产生能量的酶系统, 只能在活细胞内生长繁殖。
绪论 Introduction
第一节 微生物与病原微生物
Microorganism & Pathogenic Microorganism
微生物(Microorganism)
是广泛存在于自然界中的一群肉眼看不见,必须 借助光学显微镜或电子显微镜放大数百倍、数千 倍甚至数万倍才能观察到的微小生物的总称。
The size of most prokaryotes is between 1 µm and 10 µm, but can vary in size from 0.2 µm to 750 µm.
The prokaryotes are divided into two domains: the bacteria and the archaea.
如真菌,可分为单细胞真菌和多细胞真菌。
Characteristics of Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes contain organelles such as the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria in their cells.
Microbes produce various food products (Beer, Wine, Alcohol, cheese, etc);
Microbes are used to produce Antibiotics;
Bacteria synthesize chemicals that our body needs, but cannot synthesize ( Example: E. coli: B vitamins - for metabolism, Vitamin K - blood clotting);
simplex) or helical (e.g. influenzavirus) capsids Complex, e.g. poxviruses.
Morphology of Viruses
2、原核细胞型微生物: Prokaryotic Microorganism
细胞核分化程度低,仅有原始核质,没有核膜与核 仁;细胞器不很完善。
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