常见的语法术语摘要1.名词noun 动词verb 形容词adjective 数词numeral 代词pronoun2.介词preposition 副词adverb 连词conjunction 冠词article 感叹词interjection3.结构：structure 简单句simple sentences 并列句compoundsentences4.复合句complex sentences 倒装句inverted sentences 省略句elliptical sentences5.陈述句statement sentences 疑问句interrogative sentences6.祈使句imperative sentences 感叹句exclamatory sentences7.否定句negative sentences 被动句passive sentences8.虚拟语气句subjunctive sentences 同义句synonymoussentences9.歧义句ambiguous sentences 委婉句euphemisms 强调句emphasis10.疑难句difficult sentences 叙述句narrative sentences 说明句expository sentences11.议论句argumentative sentences 人物描写句descriptivesentences of people12.动作描写句：descriptive sentences of actions13.环境描写句descriptive sentences of environment14.日常口语句sentences for everyday talk15.实用情景句sentences of actual situations16.课堂教学句sentences of classroom teaching17.名人语句quotations 格言句maxims 谚语句proverbs18.状语adverbial 补语complement 宾语object 宾语补助语objective complement19.表语predicative 主语subject 谓语predicate 谓语动词finite verb20.非谓语动词non-finite verb 情态动词modal verb21.并列coordination 选择alternative 转折transition 对比contrast22.原因cause 结果effect 解释explanation23.动词时态verb tenses24.一般现在时simple present (tense)25.一般过去时simple past (tense) 一般将来时simple future(tense)26.过去将来时future (tense) in the past 现在完成时present perfect(tense)27.过去完成时past perfect (tense) 将来完成时future perfect(tense)28.现在进行时present continuous (tense) 过去进行时pastcontinuous (tense)29.将来进行时future continuous (tense)30.现在完成进行时present perfect continuous (tense)31.主句main clause 从句subordinate clause32.限定性定语从句restrictive attributive clause33.非限定性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause34.宾语从句object clause 壮语从句adverbial clause 主语从句subject clause35.表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause36.双重复合句double complex sentences37.多重复合句multiple complex sentences38.插入语parenthesis39.IT引导的句子IT sentences40.THERE引导句THERE sentences41.省略名词omission of noun42.判断句statements 列举句enumeration 比较句comparison让步句concession43.一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question44.选择疑问句alternative question 反意疑问句disjunctivequestion45.陈述式疑问句declarative question 省略疑问句ellipticalquestion46.一般否定general negation 全部否定complete negation 部分否定partial negation47.双重否定double negation 否定句negative sentences 肯定句affirmative sentences48.主格subjective case 宾格objective case 所有格possessivecase49.单数与复数singular and plural 语序word order50.不定式infinitive 动名词gerund 现在分词presentparticiple51.主动的active 被动的passive 语态voice 标点符号punctuation mark52.抽象的abstract 具体的concrete 名言saying 语气mood53.典故allusion 习语idiom 俚语slang 外来语foreign word行话jargon54.直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech 命题proposition课堂教学句sentences of classroom teaching开始上课beginning of the class1.我们开始吧Let’s start/ Let’s begin now2.让我们开始上课Let’s begin our lesson.3.今天我们上新课，先学生词，然后读课文We are going to have anew lesson today. We’ll learn the new words first. Then we’ll read the text.4.我们先学课文，然后提问。
如果还有时间，就进行听写First we’llstudy the text, then I’ll ask you some questions. If time permits, we’ll have a short dictation.5.今天的课这样上：先讲课文，然后用替换词做句型练习二。
最后做一些书面练习。
Today, the class will be conducted in this way: First we’ll go over the text. Then we’ll do pattern drill II with thesubstitutes. And finally we’ll do some written exercises.6.我们今天要全面复习我们所学过的东西Today we’ll have ageneral review of what we have learned so far.7.我们把昨天学的内容温习一下We’ll go over a little of what we didyesterday.教学用语Teaching1.昨天我们讲到第45页的第三行，今天我们接着讲Yesterday wewent as far as the third line on page 45. Today we’ll go on with the text.2.我们接着昨天的讲Let’s start from where we left off yesterday.3.我记得我们还有三段课文未讲，我希望今天能把这课讲完Iremember we have three paragraphs to do. I hope I can wind up the lesson today.4.今天我们上新课，请把书翻到第20页Today we are taking up anew lesson. Please turn to page 20.5.我们先读词汇表。
苏桌，请你读生词We shall take the word list first.Su Zhuo, please read the new words.6.今天我们讲课文Today we’ll go over the text.7.这篇课文时由一个短篇小说改写的This text is adapted from ashort story.8.我给你们讲一下作者的生平I’ll tell you something about theauthor’s life.9.现在我把第20页上的课文读一遍Now I’ll read the text on page20.10.现在我把课文给大家读一遍，你们听一下Now I am going to readthe text once for you to listen to.11.现在你们听的时候不要看书Now listen without looking at yourbooks.12.我把课文从头到文读一遍，你们仔细听I’ll read the text throughonce. Follow me carefully.13.我先读课文，请标上重音Now I’ll read the text first. Mark thestressed syllables.14.我想你们都预习了课文。
谁来讲讲课文的大意？I think you’ve allpreviewed the text. Who would like to say something about the text?15.现在我给你们讲一讲课文大意Now I’ll give you the general ideaof the text.16.我想将这一段读一遍，然后再解释难句I’ll read this paragraph firstand then explain the difficult sentences.17.你们对于这一段有什么问题吗？Have you got any questions aboutthis paragraph?18.还有问题吗？如果没有，我就讲下一段Are there any questions? Ifnot, I’ll explain the next paragraph.19.现在我把课文译成中文Now I’ll put (translate/change) the text intoChinese.20.现有我一个人读，然后你们跟我读I’ll read it alone first, and thenyou read after me.21.现在你们轮流读课文,王芳，你先读Now you are going to read thetext one by one. Wang Fang, you start reading first.22.现在请刘娜领着大家读课文Now Liu Na, suppose you read the text.You others read after her, please.23.请从头读起Please read from the beginning.24.请跳过这一段，从下一段开始Please skip this paragraph, and startwith the next paragraph.25.这篇文章的主题是什么？What is the theme of this essay?26.还有5分钟，我们可以把课文在读一遍There are still 5 minutes left.So we have time to read the text once more.练习Exercise1.我们现在做句型练习Now let’s do pattern drills.2.请看替换词Look at the substitutes.3.我读句型并先做一遍，然后你们照样做I’ll read the sentencepattern and do it first, then you do the same.4.请按句型造句Make sentences after the given patterns.5.现在我们互相提问，然后请一位同学总结全课Now we’ll ask eachother questions. Then one of you will sum up the lesson.6.现在我们来进行复述Now let’s do some retelling.7.现在请复述课文Now try to retell the text.8.想想看Think it over9.想一会儿Think it for a while10.再试一试Try again11.现在试着回答Now, try to answer.12.我相信，你要是认真想一想，一定能回答好这个问题I’m sure youcan answer this question well, if you think hard.13.你能举几个例子吗？Can you give some examples?14.有什么错误吗？Is there anything wrong?/ Any more mistakes?15.有什么评论吗？Any comments?16.请到黑板前面来Come to the blackboard17.回到座位去Go back to your seat18.你能指出哪里有错吗？Can you point out any mistakes?听写dictation准备听写Get ready for dictation现在听写Now let’s have dictation.我再念一遍，你们可以检查一下Now I’ll read once more, and you check you work.好了，把笔放下All right, put down your pens.同桌的同学和相交换练习本，互相改一改。