逆向物流论文我国逆向物流的发展现状和问题研究摘要逆向物流是一种包含了产品退回、物品再利用、废弃处理、维修和再制造等流程的物流活动。
逆向物流具有良好的生态效益和经济效益，是构建循环型经济的必然选择。
从微观上看，逆向物流具有提高顾客价值、增强竞争优势、降低物料成本、增加企业效益、改善环境行为、塑造企业形象等显性和隐性作用；从宏观上看，逆向物流有利于社会资源的合理流动、节约资源、改善环境和经济的可持续发展等。
21世纪人类要实现可持续发展一定要繁荣逆向物流，与正向物流一起形成一个完整的经济链条，才能逐步构建循环型经济，人类也才能获得真正的可持续发展。
逆向物流活动的实现需要全民的参与，上至法律法规的决策者，下至产品的消费者。
政府在制定法律法规时应注重引导企业加强逆向物流管理，以减少其产品带来的环境污染。
消费者在消费时要注重产品的绿色化和环保化，只有消费者的支持，实施逆向物流活动的企业最终才能获得经济效益，才能促进企业加强逆向物流管理。
企业在实施逆向物流活动时应加强逆向物流的正向控制，在产制环节就尽可能的减少产品的缺陷，从源头上减少逆向物流发生的可能性。
同时，企业应重视逆向物流系统及其网络结构的构建，协调各部门的活动，使流程通畅，从而提高逆向物流效率。
本文首先分析了逆向物流的发展背景和国内外的研究现状，进而论述了逆向物流的概念、分类、特征及其作用，重点阐述了企业实施逆向物流活动的决策过程及如何实施逆向物流管理，探讨了我国逆向物流的发展及其问题所在，并对我国企业如何加强逆向物流管理提出了建议。
关键词：逆向物流，SWOT分析，决策树分析An research into the present development and problems of reverse logistics in our countryAbstractReverse logistics is a kind of logistics activity consisting of product return, recycling, discarding, repairing and reproducing of commodities. Reverse logistics, providing ecological and economic benefits, is the essential choice of building circular economics. From the microscopic point, reverse logistics plays a dominant and recessive role in enhancing customers' value, strengthening the competitive advantages, reducing costs of materials, promoting businesses' benefits, improving environments, and shaping images of businesses. From the macroscopic point, reverse logistics is good for the reasonable flowing of social resources, saving sources, improving environment, the sustainable development of economics and so on. In the 21st century, human beings should prosper the reverse logistics and then make a complete economic chain with combination of the forward logistics in order to realize the sustainable development.The realization of reverse logistics needs the participation of all people, including policy-makers of laws and consumers. During the process of making laws, the government should attach importance to guiding businesses how to strengthening the management of reverse logistics so as to decrease the environmental pollutions brought by products. Whiling consuming, consumers should choose green products. Only with the help of consumers can the businesses operating the reverse logistics obtain economic benefits finally, and improve the management. In this course, businesses are supposed to strengthen the obverse control of reverse logistics, decrease deficient products as much as possible in the process of producing and reduce the possibility of reverse logistics at the very beginning. Meanwhile, they should pay much attention to building the system of reverse logistics and its networks, coordinate with various sectors tomake the process smooth.This paper makes an analysis of the development background and the present research of reverse logistics at home and abroad, elaborates its concept, specialization, features as well as effect and focuses on explaining how businesses make decisions in the process of operating reverse logistics activities and how they manage it in detail. Then, it also makes a discussion of our national development of reverse logistics and its problems and puts forward some suggestions of strengthening the management of reverse logistics in our country.Key words:reverse logistics, SWOT analysis, decision tree analysis目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)一、绪论 (5)二、逆向物流的概述 (7)（一）逆向物流的概念及其发展的驱动因素 (7)1. 逆向物流的概念 (7)2. 逆向物流发展的驱动因素 (8)（二）逆向物流的分类 (9)1. 按回收产品的价值高低分类 (9)2. 按回收产品是否可再利用分类 (10)3. 按逆向物流作用不同分类 (10)（三）逆向物流的特征 (11)1. 逆向物流的复杂性 (12)2. 逆向物流的分散性 (12)3. 逆向物流的不确定性 (12)4. 逆向物流的缓慢性 (12)5. 逆向物流实施的困难性 (13)（四）逆向物流的作用 (13)1. 微观方面 (13)2. 宏观方面 (14)三、逆向物流的实施决策 (15)（一）企业实施逆向物流活动的决策流程 (15)（二） SWOT分析 (17)1. SWOT原理分析 (17)2. 逆向物流的SWOT战略选择 (18)（三）企业实施逆向物流活动的决策树分析 (20)四、逆向物流管理 (22)（一）构建逆向物流系统 (22)1. 系统功能模块 (22)2. 系统流程图及子流程图 (23)（二）逆向物流正向控制 (27)1. 运输 (27)2. 装卸搬运 (28)3. 仓储 (28)4. 流通加工 (28)5. 包装 (29)6. 配送 (29)7. 信息处理 (29)五、我国逆向物流的发展情况 (29)（一）我国逆向物流的发展 (30)1. 我国逆向物流的发展历程 (30)2. 我国逆向物流的发展现状 (31)（二）我国逆向物流管理存在的问题 (31)1. 供应链风险逐级扩大 (31)2. 经济利益与环境效益难以平衡 (31)3. 回收品业务与正常生产相冲突 (32)4. 缺乏逆向物流信息系统 (32)5. 缺乏资金和逆向物流人才 (32)六、企业实施逆向物流活动的建议及展望 (33)（一）企业实施逆向物流活动的建议 (33)1. 构建逆向物流系统 (33)2. 根据实际情况将正向物流与逆向物流分开或结合 (34)3. 实施时间管理，压缩各作业环节的无效时间 (34)4. 适时将逆向物流业务外包给第三方逆向物流企业 (34)5. 引进逆向物流人才 (34)（二）逆向物流的展望 (34)结论 (36)谢辞 (37)参考文献 (38)一、绪论物流在创造产品的时间效用和空间效用等经济效用时也对环境产生了影响，因此，物流涉及了经济与生态环境两大系统。
现代物流系统是一个开放的系统，在产生经济效益的同时也带来了社会效益。
当然，其效益有正也有负。
随着经济的快速发展，物流活动对生态环境的破坏越来越严重，如废气污染、噪音污染、资源浪费、交通堵塞、废弃物增加等。
自然界的资源是有限的，而随着人口的增加和经济的快速发展，人们对资源的需求不断的增加，这必然会产生资源的有限性和需求的增长性之间的矛盾。