装货、理舱和平舱的费用都由卖方承 担。 对于以上FOB的变形，需要特别注 意的是这些变形不是由国际商会所定 义的，只是卖方和买方援引班轮和租 船合同中的商业惯例而已。
(5)FOB in Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1990
Extreme caution is necessary when conducting business with exporters in USA. FOB in Revised American Foreign Trade Definition 1990 can be interpreted as:
二、Obligations of the seller & the buyer
Good command of the provisions of FOB can help you understand the provision of other 12 trade terms much easier.So it is quite necessary to study the obligations of the seller and buyer under FOB in Incotermd 2000 to get the exact meaning of it .
（4）货物装上船的费用 FOB 术语风险和费用的转移点是 “越过”船舷。但以船舷作为区分 责任和费用的点有点困难，因为装 载货物是一个连续的过程！
Li衔接问题：
Stocking notice 备货通知
Send out boats notice 派船通知
（3）船货衔接 在FOB下，安排运输货物的船 只是买方的基本责任。为此双方 必须努力确保货物的交付时间和 相关航线的船期衔接。 因此，一方面，买方须及时安排 船只或舱位；另一方面，卖方把 货物送到指定的港口。
(3)Link-up of vessel and goods
Under FOB, it is the buyer„s primary duty to arrange shipment of the goods. Therefore both parties must try to ensure that transfer of the goods meet the shipment schedule provided by certain voyage line. So, on one hand, the buyer should send the ship just in time, on the other hand, the seller should deliver the goods to the nominated port.
（1）风险的转移点 FOB风险的转移点在装运港的 船舷。FOB的预言中有强烈的警 告，若当事方无意超过船舷交货 则不应使用该术语。更改FOB的 交货点肯能会造成不必要的混乱， 尤其对于使用租船合同进行运输 来说，更是如此。为此，国际商 会保留此项未做任何修改。
(2)Delivery of the goods on board the vessel
为此，在租船合同中经常使用的 表达方法如“FOB理舱”， “FOB理舱和平舱”等（被简单 成为FOB的变形），有时被用在 销售合同中以明确在FOB术语下 卖方要在何种程度内负担装货及 理舱和平舱的义务。具体的这些 表达法有：
①FOB班轮的条件（FOB Liner Terms 或 FOB Gross Terms 或 FOB Berth Terms) ②FOB吊钩下交货（FOB Under Tackle) ③FOB包括理舱（FOB Stowed) ④FOB包括平舱（FOB Trimmed) ⑤FOB包括理舱和平舱（FOB Stowed and Trimmed 或 FOBST)
③bear all the risks of loss of or damage to the goods before they pass the ship‟s rail ④provide documents
三、The particular points about the sales under FOB
Incoterms are neither international conventions, nor low, but an international commercial practice, so Incoterms have no force.
（2）货物装上船的要求 Incoterms 不是国际条约，也不 是法律，仅仅是国际惯例而已， 所以Incoterms 不具有法律约束 力。
In practice, when adopting FOB in sales contract, special attentions should be paid to the following issues： 在实务中，当在买卖合同中使用FOB 术语时，必须特别注意以下事项：
(1)Risk-transfer point The risk-transfer point under FOB is at the ship's rail at the named port of shipment. Thus,a strong warning has been made in the preamble of FOB that the term should not be used when the parties do not intend delivery across the ship's rail. It was felt that a change of the FOB-point would create unnecessary confusion, particularly with respect to sale of commodities carried by sea typically under charter parties. Therefore,it's kept unchanged.
③carry out all import customs formalities & transit through any countries ④bear all the risks of loss of or damage to the goods when they pass the ship‟s rail ⑤take delivery & accept documents
下表简单地列举了买卖双方 的几个需要重点强调的主要 义务。
Key Obligations of the Seller and Buyer under FOB
FOB术语买卖双方的主要义务
卖方义务 1．交货并通知买 方 买方义务 1．付款 2．租船/订舱，付 运费并通知卖 方 2．办理出口手续 3．负责货物越过 船舷前的一切 费用和风险 4．提供单证 3．负责进口手续 及过境运输 4．负担货物越过 船舷后的一切 费用和风险 5．收货，接受单 据
•掌握好FOB的规定能使你更 好的明白其他12个术语的内 容。因此有必要仔细研读并 正确掌握Incoterms2000年关 于FOB买卖双方的义务的规 定。
•
Several key obligations of the seller and buyer worthy of emphasizing are listed in the following chart ．
第二组成员名单：
NO.44 邱诗励 NO.11 邢晓清 NO.23 陈红波 NO.9 陈丹敏
NO.4 马晓君
NO.38 吴楚华 NO.40 方晓丹
NO.51 张晓群
国际贸易术语
FOB Free on Board(…named port of shipment),即船上 交货(……指定装运港)
一、Definition
• “Free on board” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‟s rail at the named port of shipment . • “船上交货”是当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷，卖方即完成交 货。 • This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export . This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. • 这意味着买方必须从该点起承担一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风 险。FOB术语要求卖方办理货物出口报关手续。该术语仅适用于 海运或内河运输。
◎FOB Stowed ◎ FOB Trimmed ◎ FOB Stowed and Trimmed (FOBST) Loading,stowing and trimming charges are to be borne by the seller. Attention which should be given specially to the variations of FOB, is these variations are not defined by ICC.They are just what the seller and buyer refer to commercial practice in liner and charter party trade.
(4)Fees for loading the goods on board