Chapter 3 Web Design本章目标设计：通过本章关于网页设计的学习，能利用已有专业知识理解本章中的英语专业文章，运用构词法与记忆技巧识记本章中的专业词汇，翻译专业词汇、句子和段落，进而为掌握专业英语其它相关专业知识打下基础。

I．能力目标：1．能利用已有专业知识理解英语专业文章；2．能完成关于网页制作相关知识的实训；3．会利用网络查找最新的网页设计技术动态；4．运用翻译技巧进行专业词汇、句子和段落翻译。

II．知识目标：1．了解网页设计的编程语言；2．分析网页设计在艺术设计中的作用；3．掌握本章中的专业词汇；4．掌握翻译技巧。

III．情感目标：1．培养专业英语学习的兴趣；2．形成良好的英语学习方法。

3.1 Internet Service FunctionTask 1: Enumerate the Web browsers we often use.Task 2: Write down what did you do with the Internet in English.Task 3: Talk about how to send out an E-mail.Task 4: Explain how to use FTP in your studying.Task 5: Contrasts FTP with the World Wide Web, then speaks out the difference between them.Once your computer enters into a connection with the Internet, you will find that you have walked into the largest repository of information. The two most popular Web browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. A Web browser presents data in multimedia on Web pages that use text, graphics, sound and video.The Web pages are created with a formal language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). The term hypertext is used to describe an interlinked system of documents in which a user may jump from one document to another in a nonlinear way. Hyperlink makes the Internet easy to navigate. It is an object (word, phrase, or picture) on a Web page that, when clicked, transfers you to a new Web page. The Web page contains an address location known as Uniform Resource Locator (URL). When hypertext pages are mixed with other media, the result is called hypermedia.The following are the important service functions that Internet provides.1. E-mailThe most widely used tool on the Internet is electronic mail or E-mail. E-mail enables you to send messages to America, Australia and so on, no matter how far between individuals. E-mail messages are generally sent from and received by mail servers—computers that are dedicated to processing and directing E-mail. Once a server has received a message it directs it to the specific computer that the E-mail is addressed to. To send E-mail, the process is reversed. As a very convenient and inexpensive way to transmit messages, E-mail has grammatically affected scientific, personal, and business communications. In some cases, E-mail has replaced the telephone for carrying messages.2. File transferFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a method of transferring files from one computer to another over the Internet, even if each computer has a different operating system or storage format. FTP is designed to download files or upload files. The ability to upload and download files on it is one of the most valuable features the Internet has to offer. This is especially helpful for those people who rely on computers for various purposes and who may need software drivers and upgrades immediately. Network administrators can rarely wait even a few days to get the necessary drivers that enable their network servers to function again. The Internet can provide these files immediately by using FTP. FTP is a client-server application just like E-mail and Telnet. It requires server software running on a host that can be accessed by client software.3. The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web (WWW), which Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works with, is the fastest growing and most widely-used part of the Internet. It provides access to multipleservices and documents as Gopher does but is more ambitious in its method. A jump to other Internet service can be triggered by a mouse click on a “hot-linked” word, image, or icon on the Web pages. One of the main reasons for the extraordinary growth of the Web is the ease in which it allows access to information. One limitation of HTTP is that you can only use it to download files, and not to upload them.4. TelnetTelnet allows an Internet user to connect to a distance computer and use that computer as if he or she were using it directly. To make a connection with a Telnet client, you must select a connection option: “Host Name” and “Terminal Type”. The host name is the IP address (DNS) of the remote computer to which you connect. The terminal type describes the type of terminal emulation that you want the computer to perform.The Internet has many new technologies, such as global chat, video conferencing, free international phone and more. The Internet becomes more and more popular in society in recent years. So we can say that Internet is your PC’s window to the rest of the world.Key Termshypertext 超文本hyperlink 超链接hypermedia 超媒体client-server 客户-服务器mail server 邮件服务器FTP(File Transfer Protocol) 文件传输协议WWW(World Wide Web) 万维网Telnet 远程登录DNS(Domain Name Server) 域名服务器video conferencing 电视会议HTML(hypertext Markup Language) 超文本链接标示语言URL(Uniform Resource Locator) 统一资源定位符IP(Internet Protocol) 互联网协议，网际协议Vocabularyrepository n.仓库，资源丰富的地方nonlinear adj.非线性的dedicate to 用做…，奉献ambitious adj.雄心的，野心的trigger v.引发，引起，触发extraordinary adj.特别的，非常的terminal n.终端emulation n.竞争，效法TrainingI. Translate the following sentences.1.Once your computer enters into a connection with the Internet, you will find that you have walked into the largest repository of information.2. E-mail messages are generally sent from and received by mail servers—computers that are dedicated to processing and directing E-mail.3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a method of transferring files from one computer to another over the Internet, even if each computer has a different operating system or storage format. FTP is designed to download files or upload files.4.The World Wide Web (WWW), which Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works with, is the fastest growing and most widely-used part of the Internet.5. Telnet allows an Internet user to connect to a distance computer and use that computer as if he or she were using it directly. To make a connection with a Telnet client, you must select a connection option: “Host Name” and “Terminal Type”.II. Write T (true) or F (false) for each statement.1. The term hypertext is used to describe an interlinked system of documents in which a user may jump from one document to another in a nonlinear way.2. It is an object (word, phrase, or picture) on a Web page that, when clicked, transfers you toa new Web page.3. E-mail messages are generally sent from and received by mail servers—computers that are dedicated to processing and directing E-mail.4. The World Wide Web (WWW), which Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works with, is the fastest growing and most widely-used part of the Internet.III. Fill in the blanks with proper words.The Web pages are created with a formal language called ___ ___, and __ ____ makes the Internet easy to navigate. The main Internet service functions are ______, ______,______ and ______.3.2 Website DesignTask 1: Finish a website according to the knowledge you have learned, and then describe the process in English.Task 2: Write down the six step tutorial helps you develop a premier website in you own words.Task 3: Discuss the website development in group. Explain how many have you exercised in your course of dynamic website design.Task 4: How many methods have been referred to create balanced page layout in the text? Which method have you often used in your experience? Write down why you have used the method so often.Many people wish they had software to create a flashy website. But creating a great website doesn’t happen at the tips of the fingers; it happens in the depths of the brain. Outst anding websites result from extensive planning. Prior preparation saves time and avoids frustration both during page creation and when updates and additions are required. Based on recommendations by professional web designers, the 6-step design tutorial helps you develop a premier website.Website Design Steps1. Establish an identity and use it consistently on all pagesIt doesn’t mean every page looks the same, but the colors and graphics we use should be consistent throughout the website. Even before knowing the number or type of pages, or a navigation scheme, create a homepage template and three or four sub-page templates using the chosen colors and graphics in combinations that are eye-catching and carrying forth your identity.2. Determine who uses your site and their information needsSuccessful websites know who their customers are and why they visit, and they provide aresponsive and attractive display to those viewers. Customers don’t visit our site because we spend time creating it; customers deserve maximum benefit from the time they allocate to us.3. Create user-friendly navigationOn a well-planned website it’s quick and easy to get to information pages—that’s navigation. Plan navigation before pages are created. Establish a navigation plan now to ensure that viewers quickly get what they need, and that webmasters can quickly insert new pages of content.4. Page layoutTo begin layout, analyze the information to be displayed and decide how it will be most readable. Pick the template that best accommodates that display. As your templates were created, page layout may have been anticipated. There are three methods to create balanced page layout: blockquote margins, tables, and frames. Each method has pros and cons; it can be advantageous to use all three to build a website.5. Focus on textThe best websites pack essential information into well-organized and well-written text. WebPages should not, however, be too heavily texted. Surveys show that web users will not read long paragraphs of information. They prefer concise, bite-sized sections, clearly delineated so they can scan for the information they need. You should write essential content as clearly and concisely as possible with brief topic headers.6. Use graphic images to enhance, not overpowerGraphics are a special challenge for web designers, requiring balance between overuse and skimpiness. A site filled with graphic images can have charm and impact. The secret for effective graphics is to stick to the theme and identity of the website.Website Development1. Interactive Dynamic WebsitesWebsites have grown from static online to become interactive dynamic sites. This is usually achieved by the use of a database, which is linked to the WebPages to serve content on the fly. The creation of sites involves programming skills and is known as website development.2. Real Time UpdatesThis means that sites can be updated in real time. For example a Discount Travel site could show availability and prices of all their available flight packages. When a particular flight is fullybooked the site would show this. Another example of website development would be an auction site that has constantly changing prices in response to bids from auction visitors to the site.3. Database ApplicationsThere are thousands of more applications for database website development and in the near future database driven sites are going to become the norm. This is partly due to the fact that web development sites are growing larger all the time and it is unpractical to update a large site in any other way. The most common databases for website development are Access, for simple databases; SQL, for more complex databases and Oracle, for the largest, most complex jobs.4. Active Server PagesASP (Active Server Pages ) —a programming language based on server side—as the best solution to create and implement dynamic websites is introduced in 1996 by Microsoft. Active Server Pages is an open, compile-free application environment in which you can combine HTML, Scripts and reusable ActiveX server components to create dynamic and powerful Web-based business solutions.Key Termstemplate n.(=templet)样板，模板navigation n.导航webmaster n.站点管理员，网络设计师compile v.编译static adj.静态的dynamic website 动态网站real time update 实时更新database application 数据库应用程序ASP(Active Server Pages) 动态服务器页面Vocabularywebsite n.网站prior adj.优先的，在先的frustration n.挫折，挫败，受挫premier adj.首要的，第一的n.总理homepage n.主页allocate v.分配，分派layout n.布置，安排，规划，设计accommodate v.容纳，适应，供给，供应blockquote margin 块边缘frame n.框架pros and cons 优缺点concise adj.简明的，简洁的delineate v.描绘，叙述，描写auction n.拍卖v.拍卖norm n.标准，规范TrainingI. Translate the following sentences.1. Prior preparation saves time and avoids frustration both during page creation and when updates and additions are required.2. Even before knowing the number or type of pages, or a navigation scheme, create a homepage template and three or four sub-page templates using the chosen colors and graphics in combinations that are eye-catching and carrying forth your identity.3. Establish a navigation plan now to ensure that viewers quickly get what they need, and that webmasters can quickly insert new pages of content.4. There are three methods to create balanced page layout: blockquote margins, tables, and frames. Each method has pros and cons; it can be advantageous to use all three to build a website.5. They prefer concise, bite-sized sections, clearly delineated so they can scan for the information they need.6. The secret for effective graphics is to stick to the theme and identity of the website.7. Websites have grown from static online to become interactive dynamic sites.8. Another example of website development would be an auction site that has constantlychanging prices in response to bids from auction visitors to the site.9. There are thousands of more applications for database website development and in the near future database driven sites are going to become the norm.10. Active Server Pages is an open, compile-free application environment in which you can combine HTML, Scripts and reusable ActiveX server components to create dynamic and powerful Web-based business solutions.II. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. This passage introduces 6-step website design tutorial, which includes ,, , , and.2. Nowadays the most popular language to create dynamic website is . Use some words to describe it.3.3 Five Most Common Web Design MistakesTask 1: Design a website everybody and then discuss the mistakes group by group. Then compare with the text write down your own idea about the web design mistakes.Task 2: Combine with the knowledge you have learned explain the function of counters and banners.As you’re designing your new web site,you’ll be tempted with web design ideas that could turn into fatal mistakes. Below are five of the most common mistakes to avoid at all costs...1. Too Many GraphicsHaving too many graphics (particularly large graphics),can cause your site to load entirely too slow, Visitors will get impatient and oftentimes click out of your site—never to return.SOLUTION: When possible save your graphics as GIF files rather than JPEG, Also, reduce your graphic in actual size as much as you can without distorting the graphic or picture.2. CountersA visitor counter or hits counter should not be seen on your site unless you have tremendous traffic. The reason for this is that visitors really don’t want to know which visitor they are, especially if they’re Visitor number four. There’s no benefit to your visitor,nor is there anybenefit to you. The only way showing a counter is advantageous is if you’ve had millions of visitors and wish to display the popularity of your site or would like to attract advertisers with the large numbers.Otherwise, you can use this space for a headline that leads your visitor to another part of your site.SOLUTION: Most web hosts offer web statistics that reveal daily visitors,hits, etc. This feature will let you know how many people are visiting your site without me whole world seeing the information.If you’re just starting out, make sure your web host offers this free service.3. BannersLimit your banners to the bare necessities.Why? Because banners are graphics that can slow loading time and are a turn-off for many surfers on the Internet.For most,“banner” is just another word for“ad” and they avoid clicking on them.SOLUTION: If you do have a banner or two, place the banner at the very top or bottom of your page. Or you could place a small banner in your sidebar. Most people will look at the first picture they see and then start reading below the picture, so any writing or links that are above the banner may remain unnoticed.Also, the banners on your site should be related to your product or service.Remember, everything on your site should work together to benefit your target customer.4. Scattered Web SiteWhen designing your site, make sure it has a pattern that leads your visitor. Get several people (friends or relatives) to visit your site and watch them as they navigate. Notice the places where they stop and links that they click on. Organizing your site to lead visitors is very important whether you’re leading them to buy something or just to click and go to another place in your site.SOLUTION: Make sure t hat graphics don’t get in the way of your lead. If the visitor stops in the middle of the home page to click on a graphic or banner before getting to your sales page, they may never return.5. GeneralizationThe most effective way of selling on the Internet is to personalize your web site to reach your target audience. Many web sites are general and try to reach everybody. The reality is that you can’t be everything to everybody. The business owners who are successful on the web normally have very specific products or services that target a niche market.SOLUTION: Make your site as personal as possible. As you’re writing pretend that you areface 10 face with the customer. Present your web site in such a way that the visitor feels like he just walked into a store in his hometown. Also. stay focused on your target customer (one who would be inte rested in “your” product.)These five mistakes should be avoided at all costs if you want to build an effective and successful web business.Vocabularyfatal adj.致命的，毁灭性的avoid v.避免，消除at all cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何oftentimes adv.时常地distort v.歪曲，扭曲，弄歪counter n.计数器，计算器tremendous adj.巨大的，极大的traffic n.流量，访问量headline n.大字标题host n.主机reveal v.展示，展现，揭示，暴露banner n.旗帜，横幅，标语turn off <口语>令人厌烦的事物sidebar n.边注，其他选项，工具条personalize v.使成私人的，人格化niche market 有利可图的市场TrainingI. Translate the following sentences.1. Having too many graphics (particularly large graphics),can cause your site to load entirely too slow, Visitors will get impatient and oftentimes click out of your site—never to return.2. The only way showing a counter is advantageous is if you've had millions of visitors and wish to display the popularity of your site or would like to attract advertisers with the large numbers.Otherwise, you can use this space for a headline that leads your visitor to another part ofyour site.3. Limit your banners to the bare necessities.Why? Because banners are graphics that can slow loading time and are a turn-off for many surfers on the Internet.4. If the visitor stops in the middle of the home page to click on a graphic or banner before getting to your sales page, they may never return.5. The most effective way of selling on the Internet is to personalize your web site to reach your target audience.II. Write T (true) or F (false) for each statement.1. When possible save your graphics as JPEG files rather than GIF.2. A hits counter should not be seen on your site unless you have tremendous traffic.3. Most people on the Internet are interested in banner.4. Your web site can be very general and be everything to everybody.。