当前位置:文档之家› 初中数学几何的动点问题专题练习-附答案版

初中数学几何的动点问题专题练习-附答案版

动点问题专题训练1、如图,已知ABC△中,10AB AC==厘米,8BC=厘米,点D为AB的中点.(1)如果点P在线段BC上以3厘米/秒的速度由B点向C点运动,同时,点Q 在线段CA上由C点向A点运动.①若点Q的运动速度与点P的运动速度相等,经过1秒后,BPD△与CQP△是否全等,请说明理由;②若点Q的运动速度与点P的运动速度不相等,当点Q的运动速度为多少时,能够使BPD△与CQP△全等?(2)若点Q以②中的运动速度从点C出发,点P以原来的运动速度从点B同时出发,都逆时针沿ABC△三边运动,求经过多长时间点P与点Q第一次在ABC△的哪条边上相遇?2、直线364y x=-+与坐标轴分别交于A B、两点,动点P Q、同时从O点出发,同时到达A点,运动停止.点Q沿线段OA运动,速度为每秒1个单位长度,点P沿路线O→B→A运动.(1)直接写出A B、两点的坐标;(2)设点Q的运动时间为t秒,OPQ△的面积为S,求出S 与t之间的函数关系式;(3)当485S=时,求出点P的坐标,并直接写出以点O P Q、、为顶点的平行四边形的第四个顶点M的坐标.3如图,在平面直角坐标系中,直线l:y=-2x-8分别与x轴,y轴相交于A,B 两点,点P(0,k)是y轴的负半轴上的一个动点,以P为圆心,3为半径作⊙P.(1)连结P A,若P A=PB,试判断⊙P与x轴的位置关系,并说明理由;(2)当k为何值时,以⊙P与直线l的两个交点和圆心P为顶点的三角形是正三角形?4 如图1,在平面直角坐标系中,点O是坐标原点,四边形ABCO是菱形,点A 的坐标为(-3,4),点C在x轴的正半轴上,直线AC交y轴于点M,AB边交y轴于点H.(1)求直线AC的解析式;(2)连接BM,如图2,动点P从点A出发,沿折线ABC方向以2个单位/秒的速度向终点C匀速运动,设△PMB的面积为S(S≠0),点P的运动时间为t秒,求S与t之间的函数关系式(要求写出自变量t的取值范围);(3)在(2)的条件下,当t为何值时,∠MPB与∠BCO互为余角,并求此时直线OP与直线AC所夹锐角的正切值.5在Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,AC = 3,AB = 5.点P 从点C 出发沿CA 以每秒1个单位长的速度向点A 匀速运动,到达点A 后立刻以原来的速度沿AC 返回;点Q 从点A 出发沿AB 以每秒1个单位长的速度向点B匀速运动.伴随着P 、Q 的运动,DE 保持垂直平分PQ ,且交PQ 于点D ,交折线QB -BC -CP 于点E .点P 、Q 同时出发,当点Q 到达点B 时停止运动,点P 也随之停止.设点P 、Q 运动的时间是t 秒(t >0).(1)当t = 2时,AP = ,点Q 到AC 的距离是 ;(2)在点P 从C 向A 运动的过程中,求△APQ的面积S 与t 的函数关系式;(不必写出t 的取值范围)(3)在点E 从B 向C 运动的过程中,四边形QBED 能否成为直角梯形?若能,求t 的值.若不能,请说明理由; (4)当DE 经过点C 时,请直接..写出t 的值.6如图,在Rt ABC △中,9060ACB B ∠=∠=°,°,2BC =.点O 是AC 的中点,过点O 的直线l 从与AC 重合的位置开始,绕点O 作逆时针旋转,交AB 边于点D .过点C 作CE AB ∥交直线l 于点E ,设直线l 的旋转角为α.(1)①当α= 度时,四边形EDBC 是等腰梯形,此时AD 的长为 ;②当α= 度时,四边形EDBC 是直角梯形,此时AD 的长为 ;(2)当90α=°时,判断四边形EDBC 是否为菱形,并说明理由.A C BQ ED图16O E CDA α lOCA(备用图)7如图,在梯形ABCD中,3545AD BC AD DC AB B ====︒∥,,,.动点M 从B 点出发沿线段BC 以每秒2个单位长度的速度向终点C 运动;动点N 同时从C 点出发沿线段CD 以每秒1个单位长度的速度向终点D 运动.设运动的时间为t 秒. (1)求BC 的长.(2)当MN AB ∥时,求t 的值. (3)试探究:t 为何值时,MNC △为等腰三角形.8如图1,在等腰梯形ABCD 中,AD BC ∥,E 是AB 的中点,过点E 作EF BC ∥交CD 于点F .46AB BC ==,,60B =︒∠. (1)求点E 到BC 的距离;(2)点P 为线段EF 上的一个动点,过P 作PM EF ⊥交BC 于点M ,过M 作MN AB ∥交折线ADC 于点N ,连结PN ,设EP x =. ①当点N 在线段AD 上时(如图2),PMN △的形状是否发生改变?若不变,求出PMN △的周长;若改变,请说明理由; ②当点N 在线段DC 上时(如图3),是否存在点P ,使PMN △为等腰三角形?若存在,请求出所有满足要求的x 的值;若不存在,请说明理由.C M ADE BF C图4(备用)ADE BF C图5(备用)A D E BF C图1 图2A DEBF C PN M 图3A D EBFCPN M(第25题)9如图①,正方形ABCD中,点A、B的坐标分别为(0,10),(8,4),点C在第一象限.动点P在正方形ABCD的边上,从点A出发沿A→B→C→D匀速运动,同时动点Q以相同速度在x轴正半轴上运动,当P点到达D点时,两点同时停止运动,设运动的时间为t秒.(1)当P点在边AB上运动时,点Q的横坐标x(长度单位)关于运动时间t(秒)的函数图象如图②所示,请写出点Q开始运动时的坐标及点P运动速度;(2)求正方形边长及顶点C的坐标;(3)在(1)中当t为何值时,△OPQ的面积最大,并求此时P点的坐标;(4)如果点P、Q保持原速度不变,当点P沿A→B→C→D匀速运动时,OP与PQ能否相等,若能,写出所有符合条件的t的值;若不能,请说明理由.10数学课上,张老师出示了问题:如图1,四边形ABCD是正方形,点E 是边BC的中点.90AEF∠=,且EF交正方形外角DCG∠的平行线CF于点F,求证:AE=EF.经过思考,小明展示了一种正确的解题思路:取AB的中点M,连接ME,则AM=EC,易证AME ECF△≌△,所以AE EF=.在此基础上,同学们作了进一步的研究:(1)小颖提出:如图2,如果把“点E是边BC的中点”改为“点E是边BC上(除B,C外)的任意一点”,其它条件不变,那么结论“AE=EF”仍然成立,你认为小颖的观点正确吗?如果正确,写出证明过程;如果不正确,请说明理由;(2)小华提出:如图3,点E是BC的延长线上(除C点外)的任意一点,其他条件不变,结论“AE=EF”仍然成立.你认为小华的观点正确吗?如果正确,写出证明过程;如果不正确,请说明理由.A DFC GEB图1 A DFC GEB图2A DFC GEB图311已知一个直角三角形纸片OAB ,其中9024AOB OA OB ∠===°,,.如图,将该纸片放置在平面直角坐标系中,折叠该纸片,折痕与边OB 交于点C ,与边AB 交于点D .(Ⅰ)若折叠后使点B 与点A 重合,求点C 的坐标;(Ⅱ)若折叠后点B 落在边OA 上的点为B ',设OB x '=,OC y =,试写出y 关于x 的函数解析式,并确定y 的取值范围;(Ⅲ)若折叠后点B 落在边OA 上的点为B ',且使B D OB '∥,求此时点C 的坐标.12如图(1),将正方形纸片ABCD 折叠,使点B 落在CD 边上一点E (不与点C ,D 重合),压平后得到折痕MN .当12CE CD =时,求AMBN 的值.类比归纳在图(1)中,若13CE CD =,则AM BN 的值等于 ;若14CE CD =,则AMBN 的值等于 ;若1CE CD n =(n 为整数),则AMBN的值等于 .(用含n 的式子表示) 联系拓广 如图(2),将矩形纸片ABCD 折叠,使点B 落在CD 边上一点E (不与点C D,重合),压平后得到折痕MN ,设()111AB CE m BC m CD n =>=,,则AMBN的值等于 .(用含m n ,的式子表示)方法指导: 为了求得AM BN 的值,可先求BN 、AM 的长,不妨设:AB =2图(2) N AB C D EF M 图(1) A B C D E FM N12..如图所示,在直角梯形ABCD中,AD//BC,∠A=90°,AB=12,BC=21,AD=16。

动点P从点B出发,沿射线BC的方向以每秒2个单位长的速度运动,动点Q同时从点A出发,在线段AD上以每秒1个单位长的速度向点D运动,当其中一个动点到达端点时另一个动点也随之停止运动。

设运动的时间为t(秒)。

(1)设△DPQ的面积为S,求S与t之间的函数关系式;(2)当t为何值时,四边形PCDQ是平行四边形?(3)分别求出出当t为何值时,①PD=PQ,②DQ=PQ ?13.三角形ABC中,角C=90度,角CBA=30度,BC=20根号3。

一个圆心在A点、半径为6的圆以2个单位长度/秒的速度向右运动,在运动的过程中,圆心始终都在直线AB上,运动多少秒时,圆与△ABC的一边所在的直线相切。

1.解:(1)①∵1t =秒, ∴313BP CQ ==⨯=厘米,∵10AB =厘米,点D 为AB 的中点, ∴5BD =厘米.又∵8PC BC BP BC =-=,厘米, ∴835PC =-=厘米, ∴PC BD =. 又∵AB AC =, ∴B C ∠=∠,∴BPD CQP △≌△. ············································································· (4分) ②∵P Q v v ≠, ∴BP CQ ≠,又∵BPD CQP △≌△,B C ∠=∠,则45BP PC CQ BD ====,, ∴点P ,点Q 运动的时间433BP t ==秒, ∴515443Q CQ v t===厘米/秒. ·································································· (7分) (2)设经过x 秒后点P 与点Q 第一次相遇, 由题意,得1532104x x =+⨯, 解得803x =秒. ∴点P 共运动了803803⨯=厘米.∵8022824=⨯+,∴点P 、点Q 在AB 边上相遇, ∴经过803秒点P 与点Q 第一次在边AB 上相遇. ········································· (12分) 2.解(1)A (8,0)B (0,6) ············· 1分 (2)86OA OB ==, 10AB ∴=点Q 由O 到A 的时间是881=(秒) ∴点P 的速度是61028+=(单位/秒) · 1分 当P 在线段OB 上运动(或03t ≤≤)时,2OQ t OP t ==,2S t = ·········································································································· 1分当P 在线段BA 上运动(或38t <≤)时,6102162OQ t AP t t ==+-=-,,如图,作PD OA ⊥于点D ,由PD AP BO AB =,得4865tPD -=, ······························ 1分 21324255S OQ PD t t ∴=⨯=-+ ······································································· 1分 (自变量取值范围写对给1分,否则不给分.)(3)82455P ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭, ···························································································· 1分12382412241224555555I M M 2⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,,,,, ···················································· 3分3.解:(1)⊙P 与x 轴相切.∵直线y =-2x -8与x 轴交于A (4,0),与y 轴交于B (0,-8), ∴OA =4,OB =8. 由题意,OP =-k , ∴PB =P A =8+k .在Rt △AOP 中,k 2+42=(8+k )2, ∴k =-3,∴OP 等于⊙P 的半径, ∴⊙P 与x 轴相切.(2)设⊙P 与直线l 交于C ,D 两点,连结PC ,PD 当圆心P在线段OB 上时,作PE ⊥CD 于E .∵△PCD 为正三角形,∴DE =12CD =32,PD =3, ∴PE 33. ∵∠AOB =∠PEB =90°, ∠ABO =∠PBE , ∴△AOB ∽△PEB ,∴332,45AO PE AB PB PB =即, ∴315PB =∴3158PO BO PB =-= ∴3158)P -, ∴3158k =-. 当圆心P 在线段OB 延长线上时,同理可得P (0,315-8), ∴k =315-8, ∴当k 315-8或k =315-8时,以⊙P 与直线l 的两个交点和圆心P 为顶点的三角形是正三角形.4.;5.解:(1)1,85(2)作QF ⊥AC 于点F ,如图3, AQ = CP = t ,∴3AP t =-. 由△AQF ∽△ABC,4BC ==, 得45QF t =.∴45QF t =. ∴14(3)25S t t =-⋅, 即22655S t t =-+.(3)能.①当DE ∥QB 时,如图4.∵DE ⊥PQ ,∴PQ ⊥QB ,四边形QBED 是直角梯形. 此时∠AQP =90°. 由△APQ ∽△ABC ,得AQ AP AC AB=, 即335t t -=. 解得98t =. ②如图5,当PQ ∥BC 时,DE ⊥BC ,四边形QBED 是直角梯形.此时∠APQ =90°. 由△AQP ∽△ABC ,得AQ APAB AC=, 即353t t -=. 解得158t =.(4)52t =或4514t =. ①点P 由C 向A 运动,DE 经过点C .连接QC ,作QG ⊥BC 于点G ,如图6.PC t =,222QC QG CG =+2234[(5)][4(5)]55t t =-+--.由22PC QC =,得22234[(5)][4(5)]55t t t =-+--,解得52t =.②点P 由A 向C 运动,DE 经过点C ,如图7.22234(6)[(5)][4(5)]55t t t -=-+--,4514t =】6.解(1)①30,1;②60,1.5;(2)当∠α=900时,四边形EDBC 是菱形. ∵∠α=∠ACB=900,∴BC //ED .∵CE //AB , ∴四边形EDBC 是平行四边形. ……………………6分 在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB =900,∠B =600,BC =2,∴∠A =300.∴AB =4,AC .P图4P图5∴AO =12AC……………………8分 在Rt △AOD 中,∠A =300,∴AD =2. ∴BD =2. ∴BD =BC .又∵四边形EDBC 是平行四边形,∴四边形EDBC 是菱形 ……………………10分7.解:(1)如图①,过A 、D 分别作AK BC ⊥于K ,DH BC ⊥于H ,则四边形ADHK 是矩形∴3KH AD ==.················································································ 1分 在Rt ABK △中,sin 4542AK AB =︒==.2cos 454242BK AB =︒== ·························································· 2分 在Rt CDH △中,由勾股定理得,3HC ==∴43310BC BK KH HC =++=++= ················································· 3分(2)如图②,过D 作DG AB ∥交BC 于G 点,则四边形ADGB 是平行四边形 ∵MN AB ∥ ∴MN DG ∥ ∴3BG AD == ∴1037GC =-= ············································································· 4分 由题意知,当M 、N 运动到t 秒时,102CN t CM t ==-,. ∵DG MN ∥∴NMC DGC =∠∠ 又C C =∠∠∴MNC GDC △∽△∴CN CMCD CG = ··················································································· 5分 即10257t t -= 解得,5017t = ···················································································· 6分(图①) A D C B K H (图②) A D C B G MN(3)分三种情况讨论:①当NC MC =时,如图③,即102t t =- ∴103t = ·························································································· 7分②当MN NC =时,如图④,过N 作NE MC ⊥于E 解法一:由等腰三角形三线合一性质得()11102522EC MC t t ==-=- 在Rt CEN △中,5cos EC tc NC t -==又在Rt DHC △中,3cos 5CH c CD ==∴535t t -=解得258t = ······················································································· 8分解法二:∵90C C DHC NEC =∠=∠=︒∠∠, ∴NEC DHC △∽△∴NC ECDC HC =即553t t -= ∴258t = ·························································································· 8分③当MN MC =时,如图⑤,过M 作MF CN ⊥于F 点.1122FC NC t ==解法一:(方法同②中解法一)132cos 1025tFC C MC t ===-解得6017t =解法二:∵90C C MFC DHC =∠=∠=︒∠∠, ∴MFC DHC △∽△ ∴FC MCHC DC=ADCB MN(图③)(图④)AD CBM NH E(图⑤)A DCBH N MF即1102235tt -= ∴6017t =综上所述,当103t =、258t =或6017t =时,MNC △为等腰三角形 ··············· 9分8.解(1)如图1,过点E 作EG BC ⊥于点G . ··················· 1分∵E 为AB 的中点,∴122BE AB ==.在Rt EBG △中,60B =︒∠,∴30BEG =︒∠. ············ 2分∴112BG BE EG ====, 即点E 到BC····································· 3分 (2)①当点N 在线段AD 上运动时,PMN △的形状不发生改变.∵PM EF EG EF ⊥⊥,,∴PM EG ∥. ∵EF BC ∥,∴EP GM =,PM EG ==同理4MN AB ==. ·················································································· 4分 如图2,过点P 作PH MN ⊥于H ,∵MN AB ∥, ∴6030NMC B PMH ==︒=︒∠∠,∠.∴12PH PM == ∴3cos302MH PM =︒=.则35422NH MN MH =-=-=.在Rt PNH △中,PN === ∴PMN △的周长=4PM PN MN ++=. ······································· 6分 ②当点N 在线段DC 上运动时,PMN △的形状发生改变,但MNC △恒为等边三角形.当PM PN =时,如图3,作PR MN ⊥于R ,则MR NR =.类似①,32MR =. ∴23MN MR ==.··················································································· 7分 ∵MNC △是等边三角形,∴3MC MN ==.此时,6132x EP GM BC BG MC ===--=--=. ··································· 8分图1A DE BF C G图2A D EBF CPNMG H当MP MN =时,如图4,这时MC MN MP ===此时,615x EP GM ===-=-当NP NM =时,如图5,30NPM PMN ==︒∠∠.则120PMN =︒∠,又60MNC =︒∠, ∴180PNM MNC +=︒∠∠.因此点P 与F 重合,PMC △为直角三角形. ∴tan301MC PM =︒=.此时,6114x EP GM ===--=.综上所述,当2x =或4或(5时,PMN △为等腰三角形. ···················· 10分 9解:(1)Q (1,0) ····················································································· 1分 点P 运动速度每秒钟1个单位长度.································································· 2分 (2) 过点B 作BF ⊥y 轴于点F ,BE ⊥x 轴于点E ,则BF =8,4OF BE ==. ∴1046AF =-=.在Rt △AFB中,10AB 3分 过点C 作CG ⊥x 轴于点G ,与FB 的延长线交于点H . ∵90,ABC AB BC ∠=︒= ∴△ABF ≌△BCH . ∴6,8BH AF CH BF ====. ∴8614,8412OG FH CG ==+==+=.∴所求C 点的坐标为(14,12). 4分 (3) 过点P 作PM ⊥y 轴于点M ,PN ⊥x 轴于点N , 则△APM ∽△ABF . ∴AP AM MP AB AF BF ==. 1068t AM MP∴==. ∴3455AM t PM t ==,. ∴3410,55PN OM t ON PM t ==-==.设△OPQ 的面积为S (平方单位)∴213473(10)(1)5251010S t t t t =⨯-+=+-(0≤t ≤10) ················································· 5分说明:未注明自变量的取值范围不扣分.∵310a =-<0 ∴当474710362()10t =-=⨯-时, △OPQ 的面积最大. ························· 6分 图3A D E BFCPN M 图4A D EBF CPM N 图5A D EBF (P )CMN GGRG此时P 的坐标为(9415,5310) . ····································································· 7分 (4) 当 53t =或29513t =时, OP 与PQ 相等. ················································· 9分10.解:(1)正确. ················································· (1分)证明:在AB 上取一点M ,使AM EC =,连接ME . (2分)BM BE∴=.45BME ∴∠=°,135AME ∴∠=°. CF 是外角平分线,45DCF ∴∠=°,135ECF ∴∠=°.AME ECF ∴∠=∠.90AEB BAE ∠+∠=°,90AEB CEF ∠+∠=°, ∴BAE CEF ∠=∠.AME BCF ∴△≌△(ASA ). ··································································· (5分) AE EF ∴=. ························································································· (6分) (2)正确. ····················································· (7分) 证明:在BA 的延长线上取一点N . 使AN CE =,连接NE . ··································· (8分) BN BE ∴=. 45N PCE ∴∠=∠=°. 四边形ABCD 是正方形, AD BE ∴∥.DAE BEA ∴∠=∠. NAE CEF ∴∠=∠.ANE ECF ∴△≌△(ASA ). ································································· (10分) AE EF ∴=. (11分)11.解(Ⅰ)如图①,折叠后点B 与点A 重合, 则ACD BCD △≌△.设点C 的坐标为()()00m m >,. 则4BC OB OC m =-=-. 于是4AC BC m ==-.在Rt AOC △中,由勾股定理,得222AC OC OA =+, 即()22242m m -=+,解得32m =. ∴点C 的坐标为302⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,. ··················································································· 4分(Ⅱ)如图②,折叠后点B 落在OA 边上的点为B ',则B CD BCD '△≌△. 由题设OB x OC y '==,,AD F C GE B M A DF GE B N则4B C BC OB OC y '==-=-,在Rt B OC '△中,由勾股定理,得222B C OC OB ''=+.()2224y y x ∴-=+,即2128y x =-+ ···························································································· 6分 由点B '在边OA 上,有02x ≤≤,∴ 解析式2128y x =-+()02x ≤≤为所求.∴ 当02x ≤≤时,y 随x 的增大而减小,y ∴的取值范围为322y ≤≤. ····································································· 7分 (Ⅲ)如图③,折叠后点B 落在OA 边上的点为B '',且B D OB ''∥. 则OCB CB D ''''∠=∠. 又CBD CB D OCB CBD ''''∠=∠∴∠=∠,,有CB BA ''∥. Rt Rt COB BOA ''∴△∽△. 有OB OC OA OB''=,得2OC OB ''=. ·································································· 9分 在Rt B OC ''△中,设()00OB x x ''=>,则02OC x =. 由(Ⅱ)的结论,得2001228x x =-+,解得000808x x x =-±>∴=-+,∴点C的坐标为()016. ··································································· 10分12解:方法一:如图(1-1),连接BM EM BE ,,.由题设,得四边形ABNM 和四边形FENM 关于直线MN 对称.∴MN 垂直平分BE .∴BM EM BN EN ==,. ···································· 1分 ∵四边形ABCD 是正方形,∴902A D C AB BC CD DA ∠=∠=∠=====°,. ∵112CE CE DE CD =∴==,.设BN x =,则NE x =,2NC x =-. N 图(1-1)A BC EF M。

相关主题