高英考试提纲I.Multiple Choices(20%) V ocabulary and Rhetorical Devices1.I would like to reflect on one of the oldest of human exercises, the process by which over theyears, and indeed over the centuries, we have undertaken to get the poor off our conscience. The sense of right and wrong that governs a person’s thoughts and actions2. An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics.A state or nation in which the supreme power rests in all the citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representations elected, directly or indirectly, by them and responsible to them.3. And the problems that arise from the continuing co-existence of affluence and poverty--and particularly the process by which good fortune is justified in the presence of the ill fortune of others--have been an intellectual preoccupation for centuries.Appealing to intellect4. Virtue is, indeed must be, self-centered.An effective, active, or inherent power or force; efficacy5. Couples in love should repair to R. H. Macy’s, not their bedrooms.To go to (a place, esp. go in large numbers to)6. Of the four, maybe five, current designs we have to get the poor off our conscience, the first proceeds from the inescapable fact that most of the things that must be done on behalf of the poor must be done in one way or another by the government.A plan7. Still, the case is made--and believed--that there is something gravely damaging about aid to the unfortunate.A set of arguments supporting a particular action, cause, etc.8. Belief can be the servant of truth--but even more of convenience.Opinion; conviction/ the state or quality of being suitable or opportune9. Murray is the voice of Spencer in our time; he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high circles.A group of people of high social standing10. In 1899 when I was five years old and living in Palmetto, Florida, my father decided to take his family through the wilds of the Everglades and stake a claim on an offshore island.To say or show clearly that you consider sth. is or should be yours11. When Papa finished school at the academy there, he went to work as a cowboy on a ranch in Myakka for a friend of his dead father’s.A private secondary school12. By age thirty, he was a county sheriff, no mean job in those days, and his territory was wide ranging.Low in quality, value, or importance; poor; inferior13. We had made our home in Palmetto for a year or so where my mother’s gentle folks, the Harrisons, had settled following the Civil War.People of high social standing; people who come from families in a high social class14. We had been keyed up for this adventure by weeks of planning.To make tense or excited, as in anticipation15. Sometimes we would strike camp early enough for papa and the boys to shoot fox squirrels or quail for supper.To remove all the tents16. This merciless man had an invalid wife whom he adored.Someone who is sick or injured, esp. permanently17. Daily, right in front of the house, papa fired the shotgun several times from behind the blind he had built on the edge of our stream, and of the thousands of ducks that quacked we awake at dawn he would bring in a dozen or more to be smothered in sage.A small shelter where you can watch birds or animals without being seen by them18. Despite the unrelenting heat, we were happy to be let off from our hours of school indoors, sessions which our mother kept every day, rain or shine.Merciless; unyielding19. At the height of this tense moment a smile broke on Watson’s face.To come into being or emerge20. Noxious flames of smog blanket over major citiesTo cover with a thick layer21. Great forests have been cut down, destroying ecological niches and their resident speciesThe specific space occupied by an organism within its habitat22. This expresses the fact that the ecosphere is an elaborate network.Detailed and complicated; carefully prepared and finished23. Defined so narrowly, it is no surprise that cars have properties that are hostile to their environment.An attribute, quality, or characteristic, esp. as determined by its effects on another substance24. Year by year, less and less of the applied fertilizer was taken up by the crop and progressively more drained through the soil into groundwater.Increasingly; by degrees25. The participating chemical elements move through closed, cyclical processes.Not communicating with or influenced by others.26. When the waste is metabolized by aquatic bacteria and moldsAny fungus which can produce a downy or furry growth on the surface of organic matter27.。