名词性从句名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，它在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

名词性从句既是中学英语教学的重点，也是高考考查的热点。

一、名词性从句的分类名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

其连接词有that, if, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when,where, how, why等。

考查热点一：对主语从句的考查主语从句在复合句中充当主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。

但为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下可用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句尾。

考查热点二：对宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。

如果主句的谓语动词是及物动make, find, see, think等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用 it 作形式宾语。

另外，某些作表语的形容词，如 sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。

考查热点三：对表语从句的考查表语从句在句子中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。

一、什么是表语( predicative)在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。

从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。

即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。

表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。

它修饰的是主语。

表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。

表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。

表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、动词的-ed、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词( be, become,appear, seem等)之后。

Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics.二、不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。

1.Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。

（主语和表语是相等的）2.This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest ofthe world.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。

（主语和表语是不相等的）三、不定式和动名词作表语的区别不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。

不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。

His job is to paint the walls. 他的工作是粉刷这些墙四、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。

现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。

1.This dog is frightening. 这条狗让人害怕。

（说明狗的特征）2.This dog is frightened. 这条狗有些害怕。

（说明狗的状态）五、不定式作表语和不定式表示将来时的区别不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，和主语之间是可以划等号的，不定式用来表示将来时态时，表示主语即将要执行的动作，和主语之间是不能划等号的。

What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales. 他想建议的是降价促销。

六、 -ing 动词作表语和-ing 动词用于进行时的区别动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”，现在分词作表语说明主语是特征。

-ing 动词用于正在进行时时，说明主语正在执行的动作。

She is taking care of the children. 她在照料小孩。

（说明她正在执行的动作）七、过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态，过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。

1.The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。

（说明杯子是状态）2.The cup was broken by Peter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。

（说明杯子承受的动作—被打坏）考查热点四：对同位语从句的考查同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词之后，进一步说明该名词所表示的具体内容。

可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, idea, news, promise,belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem, proof, question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。

二、对名词性从句的考查应注意以下几点：考查热点五：考查名词性从句的语序和主从句时态名词性从句均应用陈述句语序，其时态要保持主从句时态一致性。

考查热点六：从语境和句子结构需要出发，选择合适的连词（ I ）连词 that和 what： that无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接主从句的作用；如that引导宾语从句，常可省略；如引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，that不能省略。

What引导名词性从句，具有双重功能（既是连词又在句中充当成分），它既可指人，也可指物。

用于人时，what=the person（s）tha，t 用于物时，what=the thing（s）that。

What可以引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。

（ II）连词 whether和if：通常whether和 if 都可以引导宾语从句；但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位词从句和介词后面的宾语从句以及后面跟 or not时只能用whether而不能用if。

（ III ）连词whoever,whatever和 whichever：这三个词均可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表词从句，且在句中充当一定的成分。

Whoever=no matter who （anyone who）; whatever=no matter what （anything that）; whichever= no matter which（anything that）/ anyone who.（ IV）考查其它的连接副词连接副词在主语从句中起连词作用，同时又在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

选用这些连接副词的关键是：所选的这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。

考查热点七：名词性从句中对 it 的考查为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下可用 it 作形式主语或宾语，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面。

考查热点八：名词性从句中的强调句型和感叹句考查热点九：名词性从句中的插入成分（ I ）用于陈述句的插入语结构含 think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe 等动词的插入语，直接疑问放在句子中间，不用逗号隔开。

（ II）用于疑问句的插入语结构含 think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe 等动词的疑问句，后接含疑问词的宾语从句时，要将疑问词放在句首。

考查热点十：名词性从句中的否定转移现象当主句的主语为第一人称，且主句的及物动词为表示感知的动词，如： think, suppose, guess, say , imagine, expect, believ等时，常把对宾语e从句的否定放在主句中，如主句中的主语是第一人称单数I 时，其反意疑问句应跟从句变，并且主句中的否定转移到从句。

考查热点十一：名词性从句中的虚拟语气在“ It is suggested/ required/ ordered/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder/ necessary/ strange/ ⋯ +that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。

【巩固性练习】从下列选项中选择最佳答案。

1．is known to us all is that China has launchedShenzhouVII spaceship successfully.A. ItC. What2. What washe had at school made him a great success?A. that; thatB. it; thatC. that; whichD. this; which3. the teacher says seems reasonable to me. is why I have made up my mind to remember the teacher teaches me.A. Whatever; This; whicheverB. No matter what; That; whateverC. Whatever; That; no matter whatD. What; That; whatever4. Darcy left word with my secretaryhe would call again intheafternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which 5. I remember this used to be a very small village.A. whenB. howC. whereD. what6. After five hours' drive, they got to they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what7. S everal weeks after the accident, the patient was able to carry out seemed to be a normal talk.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it8. Wuliang, as a Party member, always thinks of he can do moreB. As D.for the people.A. whatB. whyC. howD. if9.If you feel tired and sick of fat food, that is you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination.A. whyB. whenC. whetherD. What10.S ome people are bom with the belief they are masters of their own while others feel they are at the mercy of others.A. what; thatB. that; whatC. that; /D. /;that11.— How do you think I can make up with Jack?— Set aside you disagree and try to find you have in common.A. what; whatB. where; whatC. what; whetherD. where; whether12.N obody believed his reason for being absent from the classhe had to meet his uncle at the air port.A. whyB. thatC. whereD. because13.H e studied hard and later became a professor in awell,known university, his mother had expected.A. that was whatB. what was thatC. and which wasD. which was what14.Was it he said or something he did that made her cry so sadly?A. that; whichB. that; whatC. what; thatD. what; what15.I s Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway plays an important role in China's railway history the topic that he is coming to?A. whatB. itC. thisD. thatKeys: 1-5 CBDBA 6-10 DACBC 11-15 BBDCD【巩固练习】1.The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming wamer and warmer these years. （2009江西）A. whatB. whichC. thatD. though2.We should consider the students' request the school libraryprovide more books on popular science.（2009重庆）A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where3.The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water:Park. （2008天津）A. whereB. howC. whenD. why4.was most important to her, she told me, was her family. （2008 山东）A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As5.News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. （2009 四川）A. whichB. whatC. thatD.where6.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the' best means of transport in the 21st century. （200北京 8）A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who7.— Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?— No problem. （2009浙江）A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. what8.She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. （2009湖南）A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever9.At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few monthsto see it got any better. （2009 北京）A. whenB. howC. whyD. if10.It is not immediately clear the financial crisis will soon be over. （2009上海）A. sinceB. whatC. whenD. whether【完成句子】1.T he news （那栋房子被烧毁）lastnight surprised everyone. （burn）2.（他是否出过国）doesn't make muchdifference. （he, abroad）3.What I recommended is （他应该采取措施）in time. （measure）4.No one can be sure （人类看上去将会是什么样） in million years.（look）5.It is obvious to the students （他们应该为将为做好充分的准备）their future. （prepare）6., （我们是否去野营） tomorrow dependson the weather. （camp）7.The school of the future will probably be quite differentfrom （现在的样子）. （what）8.His suggestion is （我们要保护当地的环境）while developing economy is highly thought of by government.（protect）9.（他们所拥有的共同之处） isthat they are all independent. （common）10.Y ou are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is（我们不同意之处）. （disagree）Keys: I, 1-5 CACCC 6-10 CBCDD11.1. that' the house was burnt down2.Whether he has been abroad or not3.that he (should) take measures4.what man will look like5.that they should get well prepared for6.Whether we'll go camping7.what they are today8.that we (should) protect local environment9.What they have in common10.w here I disagree1.（09 天津卷 ,7） It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that2.（09 北京卷 , 31 ） At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see it got any better.A. whenB. howC. whyD. if3.（09 陕西卷 , 17） The how-to book can be of help to wantsto do the job.A. whoB. whomeverC. no matter whoD. whoever4.（09 上海卷 , 40） As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how5.（08, 北京卷） The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21 th century.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who6.（06, 全国卷）See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what7.（08, 湖南卷）When asked they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved!A. whatB. whyC. whomD. which8.（06, 北京卷）— Could you do me a favor?— It depends on it is.A. whichB. whicheverC. whatD. whatever9.（07, 全国卷 II）matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which10.（06, 上海春季）Doris'success lies in the fact she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. why参考答案：1— 5DDDDC 6— 10DACAB1.（09全国卷I ,24）Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever2.（09 江苏卷 ,34） Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be life's most important decision—marriage-almost entirely up to luck.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what3.（09 安徽卷 ,27） A good friend of mine from I was bom showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A. howB. whomC. whenD. which4.（09 四川卷 ,7） News came from the school office Wang Linhad been admitted to Beijing University.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where5.（09 浙江卷， 12）— Is there any possibility youcould pick meup at the airport ?— No problem.A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. what6.（09 重庆卷 ,31） We should consider the students' request the school library provide more books on popular science.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where7.Would you please tell me you know is good at typing?A. whomB. whomeverC. whoseD. whoever8.she was ill, I was expected to take her place greatly surprised me, for I didn't have much work experience.A. That ifB. ThatC. If thatD. If9.T hat art centre is used to be a factory, millions of tractors were made.A. what; whereB. where; whereC. what; whichD. where; which10.makes the school famous is more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.A. What; becauseB. That; becauseC. That; whatD. What; that11.There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury intime for the race.A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if12.The biggest reason I like the new rule is it sets agoodexample to young athletes.A. howB. whyC. thatD. when13.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased he was a man of action.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether14.These shoes look very good, I wonder .A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost15.Does matter if he can't finish the job on time?A. thatB. whenC. heD. it参考答案：1— 5CDCCB 6— 10ADAAD 11— 15ACBCD二、根据所给提示完成下列句子16.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see .（是谁,who）17.What the doctor really doubts is .（我妈妈是否能康复，recover）18.I know nothing about the young lady .（除了她来自北京 ,except）19.（最后离开房间的人， whoever） ought to turn off the light.20.（你无论怎么小心，however） won't satisfy theboss.参考答案：16.who it is17.whether my mother will recover18.except that she comes from Beijing19.Whoever keaves the room last20.However carful you are。