高中英语基本句型汉译英练习
四.主谓宾补结构——S十V十O十C
此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾 语补足语构成。 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一 个名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分 词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的 意念。
The sun keeps us warm.
宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系, 若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。可 以用做宾补的有,名词,形容词,副 词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词。 如, You must get your hair cut. I heard him singing.
We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad. The teacher asked me to answer the question . I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen .
用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着, 对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某 人,替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有: (需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 (需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。
8. The apples tasted sweet. 9. He noticed a man enter the room. 10. Tom came to ask me for advice.
基本句型 1.主谓结构 (S+V) 2.主谓宾结构 (S+V+O) 3.主系表结构 (S十V十P) 4.主谓宾补结构 (S十V十O十C ) 5.主谓双宾结构 (S十V十O1十O2)
二.主谓宾结构-- S十V十O
此句式中,V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt), 只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须 接宾语,因此后有宾语;宾语须是名词或 相当于名词的成分 (名词,名词短语或代 词) 。 例如:I saw you yesterday. I saw a film .
1.昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2.这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times. 3.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doing) You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 4.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
三 主系表结构 S十V十P 本结构是由“主语+系动词+表语”组成, 主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态, 身份等。 P一般是形容词或名词或名词性 质的短语,V是系动词,常见的系动词有 (1)表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. (2)表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. (3)表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.
我的兄弟都是大学生。 冬季白天短,夜晚长。 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 孩子们,请保持安静。 My brothers are all college students. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. Children, keep quiet please.
一 主谓结构(S十V)
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语---定语 The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语---状语 The red sun rises in the east.
1.你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.会议将持续两个小时。 4. 在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了 巨大的变化。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. The meeting will last two hours. 4. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
我们要使学校变得更美丽。 他请我们参加做游戏。 我要你把真相告诉我。 明天我要找人来修理机器。 We will make our school more beautiful. He asked us to join in the game. I want you to tell me the truth. Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
How+形容词/副词+主谓结构! 1 你多热心啊! How nice/warm-hearted you are! 2 你真聪明! How clever you are! 3 他们工作真起劲! How hard they are working! 4 这部电影真令人激动啊! How exciting the film is!
eg: He is handsome. 译:他长得帅。—— (he做主语,is是系动词, handsome是形容词,做表语) eg: He is a clever boy。 译:他是一个聪明的男孩——(he是主语,is 是系 动词,a clever boy是名词短语〔不定冠词a/an + 形容词+名词单数〕,做表语) eg: The desk feels hard. 译:书桌摸起来很硬。——(The desk是主语,feel 是系动词,hard是形容词)
常见连词有: but, and, for, so, yet, however, therefore, or either…or…, neither…nor…,not only…but also…
1 他不得不回到家,他想要点钱。 He had to come back home, for he wanted some money. 2 她就在他身后,但是他没有注意到。 She just stood behind him, but he didn’t notice. 3 春天来了,树变绿了。 Spring is coming and the trees are turning green. 5 他发现里面没人,就走了。 He found nobody in the room , so he went away.
五.主谓双宾结构: S十V十O1十O2
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。 常见的需带双宾语的动词有give,ask, bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show, tell,buy,get等。
He brought me some food . = He brought some food to me.
句子成分
主语 名词 代词 形容词 副词 数词 不定式 分词 动名词 介词短语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students got on the school bus. 2.He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5.His job is to train swimmers. 6. His wish is to become a scientist. 7. He managed to finish the work in time.
九 复合句机构
复合句,有一个主句和若干个从句组成, 主句和从句都具备完整的主谓结构,主句 是主题,从句是一个成分。 根据不同作用,从句可分为:主语从句、 表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从 句、同位语从句。
1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗? 5. 他把车票给列车员看。 1 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3 Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4 Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5 He showed the ticket to the conductor.
七 感叹句
结构: 1 What+形容词+名词+主谓结构!
2
How+形容词/副词+主谓结构! 3 How +陈述句!(强调动词)
What+形容词+名词+主谓结构! 1天气真糟! What terrible/bad weather (it is)! 2 多冷的水啊! What cold water (it is)! 3 他们是多么用功的学生啊! What hardworking students they are! 4 他是一个多么聪明的孩子啊! What a clever boy he is!