水轮机专用中英文对照术语（2013年6月4日从好友的空间站收藏）2一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation2.6 机组unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine3.1.3 轴流式水轮机axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine 3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine 3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine 3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine（S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine 3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine 3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine 3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump 3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump 3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singal stagepump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stagepump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate 3.4.4 球阀rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3蜗壳spiral case4.1.4座环stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose4.1.7基础环foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part 4.1.14 尾水管支墩draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬pit liner4.1.17导水机构distributor4.1.18顶盖headcover，top cover4.1.19底环bottom ring，bottom cover 4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键split key4.1.24 导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device4.1.26 剪断销shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封guide vane end seal 4.1.32 导叶立面密封guide vane seal4.1.33抗磨板facing plates，wear plates 4.1.34导叶限位块guide vane stop block 4.1.35导叶接力器guide vane servomotor 4.1.36 单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor4.1.37 推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件rotating component4.1.41 转轮runner4.1.42 叶片blade4.1.43 上冠crown4.1.44 下环band4.1.45 泄水锥runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环stationary wearing ring 4.1.49 转轮减压板decompression plate4.1.50 主轴main shaft4.1.51 导轴承guide bearing4.1.52 轴领guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓coupling bolt4.2轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。

4.2.1 转轮室runner chamber4.2.2 内顶盖（支持盖）inner head cover，inner top cover4.2.3 转轮体runner hub4.2.4 转叶机构mechanism of runner blade 4.2.5 叶片枢轴runner blade trunnion4.2.6 转臂(导叶臂) rocker arm4.2.7 连杆link4.2.8 操作架crosshead 4.2.9 转轮叶片接力器runner blade servomotor4.2.10 协联装置combination device4.2.11 受油器oil head4.5蓄能泵4.5.1 吸水管suction tube4.5.2 叶轮impeller4.5.3 轮叶impeller blade，impeller vane4.5.4 叶轮后盖impeller back shroud4.5.5 叶轮前盖impeller front shroud4.5.6 蜗室spiral housing4.5.7 扩散管diffuser5性能参数5.1比能5.1.1 比能specific energy单位质量流体所具有的机械能，是位置比能、压力比能和速度比能的总和。

5.1.2位置比能potential energy5.1.3 压力比能pressure energy5.1.4 速度比能velocity energy5.2水头5.2.1 位置水头potential head5.2.2 压力水头pressure head5.2.3 速度水头velocity head5.2.4 总水头head5.2.5 毛水头gross head5.2.6 净水头net head5.2.7 额定水头rated head5.2.8 设计水头design head5.2.9 最大（最小）水头maximum（minimum）head5.2.10 加权平均水头weighted average head 5.2.11 蓄能泵扬程storage pump head5.2.12 蓄能泵零流量扬程no-dischargehead of storage pump5.2.13 蓄能泵最大（最小）扬程maximum （minimum）head of storage pump5.3流量5.3.1 水轮机流量turbine discharge，turbine flow rate5.3.2 蓄能泵流量storage pump discharge，storage pump flow rate5.3.3 额定流量rated discharge5.3.4 水轮机空载流量no-load discharge of turbine5.3.5 蓄能泵最大（最小）流量maximum （minmum）storage pump discharge5.4转速5.4.1 额定转速rated speed5.4.2 水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed of surbine5.4.3 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］反向飞逸转速reverse runaway speed of storage pump5.5压力5.5.1 表计压力（简称为压力）gauge pressure5.5.2 环境压力（或大气压）atmpspheric pressure5.5.3 绝对压力absolute pressure5.5.4 汽化压力vapour pressure5.6功率5.6.1 水轮机输入功率turbine input power 5.6.2 水轮机输出功率turbine output power 5.6.3 水轮机额定输出功率rated output power of turbine5.6.4 蓄能泵的输出功率storage pump output power5.6.5 蓄能泵的输入功率storage pump input power5.6.6 蓄能泵最大输入功率rated input power of storage pump5.6.7 蓄能泵零流量功率no-discharge input power of storage pump5.6.8 蓄能泵最小输入功率minimum input power of storage pump5.6.9 转轮输出功率output power of runner 5.6.10 叶轮输入功率input power of impeller5.6.11 转轮输入功率input power of runner 5.6.12 叶轮输出功率output power of impeller5.7效率5.7.1 效率efficiency5.7.2 水轮机机械效率mechanical efficiency of turbine5.7.3 蓄能泵机械效率mechanical efficiency of storage pump5.7.4 水轮机水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbine5.7.5 蓄能泵水力效率hydraulic efficiency of storage pump5.7.6 相对效率relative efficiency5.7.7 加权（算术）平均效率weighted （arithmetic）average efficiency5.7.8 积分平均效率planimetric average efficiency5.8空化和空蚀5.8.1 空化cavitation5.8.2 空蚀cavitation erosion5.8.3 水轮机空化系数cavitation factor of turbine，cavitation coefficient of turbine 5.8.4 蓄能泵空化系数cavitation factor of storage pump，cavitation coefficient of storage pump5.8.5 临界空化系数critical cavitation factor 5.8.6 初生空化系数incipient cavitation factor，cavitation inception factor，initial cavitation factor5.8.7 电站空化系数plant cavitation factor 5.8.8 吸出高度static suction of turbine5.8.9 吸入高度static suction of storage pump5.8.10 蓄能泵吸入扬程损失suction head loss of storage pump5.8.11 蓄能泵空化余量（NPSH）（蓄能泵净吸上扬程）net positive suction head of storage pump5.8.12 安装高程setting elevation5.8.13 空化裕量cavitation margin5.9暂态过程5.9.1 过渡过程transient5.9.2 调节保证regulating guarantee5.9.3 水锤water hammer5.9.4 初始压力initial pressure5.9.5 水轮机最大瞬态压力maximum momentary pressure of turbine5.9.6 瞬态压力变化率momentary pressure variation ratio5.9.7 初始转速initial speed5.9.8 水轮机最大瞬态转速maximum momentary overspeed of turbine5.9.9 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］的最大瞬态反向转速momentary counterrotation speed of storage pump［pump-condition of pump-turbine］5.9.10 瞬态转速变化率momentary speed variation ratio6渗道参数6.1 转轮（叶轮）公称直径runner（impeller）diameter6.2 叶片开口blade opening6.3 叶片正（背）面pressure（suction）side of blade6.4 叶片进（出）水边leading（trailing）edge 6.5 叶片转角blade rotating angle6.6 叶片倾角blade tilt angle6.7 叶片安放角blade angle6.8 蜗壳包角nose angle6.9 导叶高度guide vane height6.13 肘形尾水管深度depth of elbow draft tube6.14 节圆直径pitch diameter6.15射流直径jet diameter6.16射流直径比jet ratio6.17 射流入射角jet inclined angle6.18 射流椭圆ellipsed of inclined jet（when reaching the wheel vane）7试验方面7.1试验类型7.1.1 原型（机）proto type7.1.2 模型（机）model7.1.3 验收试验acceptance test7.1.4 装配试验assembly test7.1.5 模型试验model test7.1.6 性能试验performance test7.1.7 特性试验characteristic test7.1.8 飞逸试验runaway speed test7.1.9 力特性试验force characteristic test 7.1.10 负载试验load test7.1.11 甩负荷试验load rejection test7.1.12 耐压试验pressure test7.1.13 效率试验efficiency test7.1.14 空化试验cavitation test7.1.15 压力脉动试验pressure fluctuation test7.1.16 补气试验air admission test7.1.17 水轮机功率试验turbine output test 7.2运行工况7.2.1 （运行）工况operating condition7.2.2 最优工况optimum operating condition 7.2.3 飞逸工况runaway speed operating condition7.2.4 空载工况no-load operating condition 7.2.5 相似工况similar operating condition 7.2.6 协联工况combined condition7.3 力特性7.3.1 力特性force character7.3.2 导叶力特性guide vane force character 7.3.3 叶片力特性blade force character7.3.4 水推力hydraulic thrust7.3.5 径向力radial force，lateral force7.4单位量7.4.1 单位转速unit speed7.4.2 单位流量unit discharge7.4.3 单位功率unit power7.4.4 单位飞逸转速unit runaway speed7.4.5 单位水推力unit hydraulic thrust7.4.6 单位水力矩unit hydraulic torque7.4.7 水轮机比转速specific speed of turbine7.4.8 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］的流量比转速discharge specific speed of storage pump7.4.9 最优比转速optimum specific speed 7.4.10 （水轮机）压力脉动（turbine）pressure fluctuation7.5特性曲线7.5.1 （水轮机）综合特性曲线（turbine）efficiency hill diagram，combined characteristic curve7.5.2 （水轮机）运转特性曲线（turbine）performance curve7.5.3 飞逸特性曲线runaway speed curve 7.5.4 水泵水轮机全特性complete characteristics of pump-turbine。