重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷(B 类)2013~2014 学年 第 一 学期（秋）开课学院： 课程编号： 考试日期： 2014.1.9考试方式：开卷闭卷 考试时间： 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer SheetPart I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-10 20points; 11-20 20points)1. ( )2. ( )3. ( )4. ( )5. ( )6. ( )7. ( )8. ( )9. ( ) 10. ( )11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )16.( ) 17.( ) 18.( )19..( ) 20.( )Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )Part IV . Writing ( 20 points)(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)命题（组题）人： 李雁审题人： 黄萍命题时间：2013.12研究生院制学院 专业（领域） 类别 （ 学术 、专业 ） 学号 姓名封线密重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2013～2014 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneWe might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’:young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must sure ly be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’1. The main idea of this passage isA. examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.B. examinations are ineffective.C. examinations are profitable for institutions.D. examinations are a burden on students.2. The author’s attitude toward examinations isA. detestable.B. approval.C. critical.D. indifferent.3. The fate of students is decided byA. education.B. institutions.C. examinations.D. students themselves.4. According to the author, the most important of a good education isA. to encourage students to read widely.B. to train students to think on their own.C. to teach students how to tackle exams.D. to master his fate.5. Why does the author mention court?A. Give an example.B. For comparison.C. It shows the result of court is more effective.D. It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results ofexaminations.Passage TwoPop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty．Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them．The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive aeroplanes．They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards．Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are news．If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well．It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public．They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them．They are no longer private individuals, but public property．The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical．And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly．The great days of Hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedented scale．By today’s standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular．A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did．The competition for the title ‘ Top of the Pops’ is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal．It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way．Don’t the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency –often more than large industrial concerns –and the taxman can only be grateful fro their massive annual contributions to the exchequer．So who would begrudge them their rewards?It’s all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others．People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg．For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living．A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards．He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn．But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks．He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top．He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure．But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them．That’s the essence of private enterprise．6. The sentence “Pop stars’ style of living was once the prerogative only of Royalty" means ___________A. their life was as luxurious as that of royalty．B. They enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty．C. They are rather rich．D. Their way of living was the same as that of the royalty．7. What is the author’s attitude toward top stars’ high income?A. Approval．B. Disapproval．C. Ironical．D. Critical．8. It can be inferred from the passage ___________A. people are blind in idolizing stars．B. successful Pop stars give great entertainment．C. there exists fierce competition in climbing to the top．D. the taxes they have paid are great．9. What can we learn from the passage?A. Successful man should get high-income repayment．B. Pop stars made great contribution to a country．C. Pop stars can enjoy the life of royalty．D. Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg．10. Which paragraph covers the main idea?A. The first．B. The second．C. The third．D. The fourth．Passage ThreeDay-dreaming is generally viewed as an impractical, wasteful activity: one should be doing something useful, not just sitting or walking around with ‘one’s head in the clouds. But rather than being of little worth, the capacity to fantasize is a priceless skill, a thoroughly useful tool, a tool for all seasons.Day-dreaming is an essential ingredient in most, if not all, creative processes. In the pursuit of innovation and development, many organizations have been try ing over recent years ‘to capture theday-dreaming process’ by formalizing and institutionalizing the processin creative seminars. Workshops where employees sit around‘brainstorming’ and ‘being creative’ are now mushrooming. But do they work? To a certain extent they can, but not always. There are instances of outside consultants setting up brainstorming sessions for companies where the chairperson or director gives his or her ideas first. In doing so, they set the parameters as no one wants to contradict or overrule the boss. True brainstorming, like true daydreaming, however, knows no boundaries, no hierarchies and no fears. The intention is not to disparage such activities, but they are too over-controlled and do not even mimic the environment needed to day-dream and create. But they do show how the creative force, so frequently despised before, is creeping into the mainstream, even if in a contained manner. Very contained, in fact.So where to begin? Day-dreaming or fantasizing is discouraged in children, so that by the time they are adults it has been completely removed. While one would not want to have all children sitting around in a kind of hypothyroidic haze of daydreaming bliss, those most naturally inclined to it should be given space to dream and their ability nurtured. Creativity comes out of the unusual and needs space, in fact lots of space, to develop. Yet, life is based on mediocrity and so society demands that creative flair be knocked out of someone when they are young so that they can conform.As adults, then, it is by and large more difficult to day-dream in general. The limitations have been set by others early on and by subtle reminders to keep people in place. Individuals in danger of deviating from the norm are kept in their place by a permanent flow of seemingly innocent comments designed to induce conformity (‘I don’t like that.’ ‘That won’t work.’ quite often delivered subconsciously. Fortunately, the die-hard day- dreamers/creators manage to struggle through.Dreaming spotsFor some of us, coffee shops, pubs or public places where people are moving around are ideal spots for day-dreaming. Or, indeed, somewhere where there is running water, by a river or stream. The constantmovement seems to stimulate thought and ideas in a way that perhaps alibrary or the solitude of a study does not. It may not be possible to hone the finished text sitting around in a noisy cafe, but the challenge of holding together thoughts against adversity, as it were, is a great galvanizing force.In the peace of one’s home there are even more distractions, like the TV and the phone. People who are not familiar with the creative process may find it hard to accept that places like coffee bars are a source of stimulation. But why certain places and things motivate the creative individual and others do not is difficult to fathom.Is day-dreaming an innate ability or something that can be taught? While I personally am prepared to accept that inheritance of ability does play a significant role in the process, I am more inclined to the idea that the environment, and perhaps chance, play a much greater role. It is said that genius is 10 per cent inspiration and 90 per cent perspiration. The coffee shop experience bears this out: a place of turmoil to engender the ideas and then back to the nest to flesh them out. The 90 per cent is a notional figure. If one looks at the work of the great inventors and artists past or present, one can see that more than 90 per cent of perspiration, as it were, went into the execution of their work.Questions 11-15Do the statements below reflect the opinion of the writer in the Reading Passage above?In item11-15 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement reflects the writer's opinionNO if the statement contradicts t he writer’s opinionNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about thisExample AnswerPeople think day-dreaming is a wasteful activity. Yes anizations should be legally bound to institutionalize day-dreamingprocesses.12.In the day-dreaming process there are no limitations.13.Most children should be given space to day-dream.14.Young people need to have creative flair knocked out of them.15.It is good that some day-dreamers survive the process of conformity. Questions 16-20Below is a summary of the second part of Reading Passage above. Using information from the passage, complete the summary .Choose ONE WORD from the passage to complete each space.Write your answers in item 16-20 on your answer sheet.Part II. Translation from English to Chinese 20% Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Many people, in the modern as much as in the ancient world, find it natural to say that a happy life is one in which you are successful; the happy person will be, typically, the rich, secure person who has achieved something in life. It sounds odd, indeed perverse, to say that someone could be happy, could be living a life you admire and try to emulate, if he or she turned out to be rejected and unsuccessful. But Plato was influenced by the example of Socrates, who gave up worldly success for philosophy, and who ended up condemned as a criminal and executed-yet who clearly seemed to Plato to have lived an admirable life. And so, most people must be wrong about how to achieve a happy life.Part III. Translation from Chinese into English 20% Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。