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植物形态解剖学:leaf-1


卵形
披针形 柳叶-眉
线形 松针
圆形
心型
剑形
戟形
楔形
钥形
偏斜
浑圆

短尖
渐尖
具短尖
微缺
单叶与复叶
Leaves
单叶----叶下珠
单叶互生
复叶
单叶与复叶之差异
• 单叶叶柄上只有一片叶 • 复叶则其叶柄分枝成多数小柄,各小柄上
生一小叶 • 复叶与植物枝叶之差异在于复叶之顶端无
顶芽,也不会产生腋芽,各小叶与叶轴成 一平面
(直径1米的槭树,约有10万片叶, 总面积2000平方米,相当于6个篮 球场)
definition
• A flattened, usually photosynthetic structure arranged in various way on the stem
• 是种子植物制造有机养料的重要器官,是 光合作用进行的主要场所。
叫复叶。 • 羽状复叶:小叶排列在总叶柄两侧呈羽毛
状。 • 掌状复叶:小叶均生于总叶柄
midrib
Poplar白楊 (Populus)
Oak橡樹 (Quercus)
a S锯im齿ple leaves 羽状深裂
blade葉身
Maple楓 (Acer)
• Stipule(托叶):one of a pair of appendages of varying size, shape, and texture present at the base of the leaves.
叶的形态及描述
• 单叶:一个叶柄只生一个叶片的叶称单叶。 • 复叶:有多个小叶片在一个总叶柄上的叶
• Opposite arranged (对生):the leaves are attached in pairs.
• Whorled arrangement(轮生):the leaves are in whorls (groups of three or more) ,their arrangement is whorled.
petiole葉柄
掌状深裂
leaflets
red buckeye紅七葉樹 black locust洋槐
掌状复叶 (Aesculus)
羽状(Ro复bin叶ia)
b Compound leaves
honey locust美國皂莢
二(G回led羽itsia状) 复

Fig. 6-2, p. 93
全缘
广卵形
• 叶隙:由于叶迹发生而在其上出现的一个 没维管组织的区域,由薄壁组织构成。
Organization of the primary and secondary vascular tissues in Arabidopsis schematically
Nieminen, K. M., et al. Plant Physiol. 2004;135:653-659
Copyright ©2004 American Society of Plant Biologists
叶的功能
• 光合作用 • 蒸腾作用 • 吐水(guttation): The expelled water may
contain ions secreted by root cells. • 吸收功能(叶面肥) • 其他(如叶菜,野菜,韭菜)
Leaf function
• Photosynthesis - more later • Transpiration - 99% of water absorbed
• 叶柄(petiole):叶片基部的炳状部分, 输导和支持。可扭曲生长,改变叶片位置 方向,接受阳光。
• 托叶(stipule):叶柄下方的附属物。 • 叶隙:由于叶迹发生而在其上出现的一个
没维管组织的区域,由薄壁组织构成
At maturity, most leaves have a stalk, called the petiole, and a flattened blade, or lamina, which has a network of veins. A pair of leaflike, scalelike or thronlike appendages, called the stipules, are sometimes present at the base of the petiole.

first leaf (simple)
cotyledons
withered cotyledon
mature leaf (compound)
Fig. 6-12, p. 99
• Large surface area to collect light and allow for gas exchange but increases tendency for water loss. - cuticle reduces water loss
• 叶镶嵌:在同一枝上的叶以镶嵌状态的排 列方式而不重叠的现象,称为叶镶嵌。
异型叶性
Fig. 6-14, p. 100
茎与叶
• 表皮直接相连(茎产生周皮时,叶往往脱 落)
• 有部分维管束从茎中分枝而出,斜向茎的 边缘叶子着生叶的地方,然后伸入叶柄内。
• 叶迹:从茎中的分枝穿过皮层到叶柄基部 而止的这一段维管束。
by plant is lost by transpiration • Guttation- available water is high,
transpiration is low • Abscission-allows plant to shed leaves • feed
叶的组成
• 叶片(blade):绿色扁平部分,其上分 布叶脉
Arrangement on stem
• alternate • opposite • whorled
A woody twig consists of an axis with attached leaves
• Alternative arranged(互生):the leaves are attached to the twig alternatively or in a spiral around the stem.
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