第二章 语义翻译
1 理解中的选义
• run across • run away • run into • run out of • run for presidency • run the streets • run a car
• rhe risk of
3 英汉词汇的假对应
课后，他向我提了很多问题。 He asked manyquestions ________to me after class. 问题：疑问 （a question calls for an answer） 你的计划是个好主意，问题是我们是否有足够的 时间来准备。 point Your plan is a good idea, but the _______is weather we have enough time to prepare for it. 问题： 关键，要点
2 表达中的选词
• 由于党的农业政策, 千千万万的农民走上了致富 的道路。 • Thanks to the policies of the CPC (Communist Party of China) on agriculture, millions of peasants in China are getting rich. • 由于两次世界大战的爆发， 各国人民遭受了巨 大的灾难。 • People of all countries suffered a lot in consequence of the two World Wars.
1 理解中的选义
• You should use your head a little bit. • The dinner cost five dollars a head. • Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries. • Heads or tails?
1 理解中的选义
这娃娃头真大。 The baby has a big head. 她正在梳头。 She is combing her hair.
让我们从头开始。 Let’s start from the beginning. 这是我头一次来青岛。 This the first time I came to Qingdao. 他头天上午就来了。 He came here the previous morning.
一辆车停在桥西头。
A car was parked at the west end of the bridge.
2 表达中的选词
• 怎样选择最为恰当的表达？
• 根据上下文，充分考虑惯用搭配，感情色彩，语体和文体等
惯用搭配：驾崩，阵亡，夭折 感情色彩：褒义：去世， 与世长辞 贬义：玩完了，咽气了 中性：死亡， 语体：书面语：去世，过世 口语：没了，走了 文体：新闻：罹难，遇难 • 智利政府确认452人在特大地震中遇难 科技说明文，法律文书: 死亡 文学作品：驾鹤西游，香消玉殒
3 英汉词汇的假对应
• • • • • 影响 音乐对一些人有强烈的感染力。 Music affects some people very strongly. 他受到一位中学教师的影响而学了医。 He was influenced by a middle school teacher to study medicine. 2008年北京奥运对中国经济、社会发展具有广泛而深远的影响 。 The 2008 Olympic Games have an extensive and profound influence on China’s economic and social development. 二手烟对所有人都有害吗? Does second hand smoke affect the health of all of us? 日本的廉价汽车对美国市场产生了巨大的冲击。 Japanese inexpensive cars had great impact on American market.
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Element s

3 英汉词汇的假对应
• 意见
• 用户对贵公司的产品意见很大。 • The customers have a lot of complaints about your products. • 我觉得这是个好主意，你的意见呢？ • I think it’s a good idea. What’s your opinion? • 他太自私了，大家对他有意见。 • He is selfish, so we are angry with him/ we dislike him . • 我一定听从您的意见。 • I’ll follow your advice.
3 英汉词汇的假对应
问题：question, problem, issue…
台湾问题完全是中国内政。 issue entirely an internal affair of China. Taiwan _______is 问题： 有争议的议题或事情 大城市的交通问题必须解决。 Traffic problems ________in big cities must be solved. 问题：难题
1 理解中的选义
• • • • • • • • • 上膘 上当 上吊 上冻 上火 上课 上年纪 上任 上相
get fat be taken in hang oneself to freeze get angry attend the class get old/age take/assume office look well in a photo/be photogenic
2 表达中的选词
• Her ambition was to be a great actress. 她的志向是成为一名伟大的演员。 • To some people, America’s ambition in Iraq is obvious. 对一些人来说，美国对伊拉克的野心/企 图是非常明显的。 • 打得赢就打，打不赢就跑。 move away • Fight when we can win, _________ when we can not.
2 表达中的选词
• the old man’s youngest son • These were all good eggs. • He has great knowledge and experience.
• Yesterday, we went to the shops, parks and restaurant. • 昨天我们逛了商店，逛了公园，还下了馆子。