CHAPTER 9Multiple Choice11. The goal of ______ is to develop an efficient, high quality process for producing products or services.a) conversion managementb) assembly-line controlc) flexible manufacturingd) production management 生产管理e) routing12. A ______ represents代表a series of tasks in which resources are used to produce a product or service.a) layout chartb) Venn diagramc) organization chartd) production process生产流程e) chain of command13. A sequence of work stations一系列的工作in which each work station is designed to cover specific phases of the production process is called a(n):a) assembly line.b) hotelling.c) deintegration.d) product location.e) Gantt chart.14. The factors that affect a site decision include all of the following except:影响一个网站的决定的因素包括所有以下除外a) cost of workplace space.b) tax incentives.c) source of demand.d) access to transportation.e) quality assurance.质量保证15. Once a site for the manufacturing plant is chosen, the next step to be determined is:一旦选择制造工厂的网站,下一步有待确定a) design and layout.设计与布置b) production control.c) hotelling.d) deintegration.e) inventory control.16. All of the following characteristics influence design and layout decisions except the:所有以下特点影响,除了设计和布局决策a) production process.b) desired production capacity.c) product line.d) purchasing applications.e) site.17. Which of the following production processes is most commonly used for assembly-line production?a) flexible manufacturingb) fixed-position layoutc) product layoutd) capacity layoute) cost-benefit layout18. A production process where employees go to the position of the product, rather than waiting for the product to come to them, is a(n):生产过程中员工去产品的位置,而不是等待未来产品对他们来说,是一个(n):a) assembly line.b) batch process.c) fixed-position layout.定位布局d) unit production process.e) mass production process.19. Firms are forced to search for new sites once demand for their product exceeds their:a) quality control.b) production capacity.c) inspection requirements.d) routing schedules.e) purchase plans.20. The development of temporary, shared office space for those employees who normally work at home is called:a) flexible manufacturing.b) deintegration.c) production control.d) hotelling.e) quality control.21. All of the following are key tasks in production control except:a) layout and design.b) inventory control.c) routing.d) scheduling.e) quality control.22. A company that makes use of a(n) ______ can detect the existing level of supplies物资and automatically reorder when supplies fall to a specific level.公司使用了一个(n)……可以检测现有的供应水平物资并自动重新排序时供应下降到一个特定的水平。

a) e-procurement systemb) e-inventory systemc) e-outsourcing systemd) e-purchasing systeme) e-business system23. A strategy of delegating some production tasks to suppliers is referred to as:将一些生产任务委托给供应商的策略被称为a) routing.b) dispatching.c) deintegration.d) quality assurance.e) hotelling.24. A system that attempts to reduce material inventories to a bare minimum by frequently ordering small amounts of materials from suppliers is called:系统试图材料库存减少到最低限度,经常订购少量的材料从供应商被称为:a) routing.b) just-in-time.c) scheduling.d) quality control.e) deintegration.25. The process of managing inventory at a level that minimizes costs is called:a) scheduling.b) routing.c) dispatching.d) production planning.e) inventory control.26. Firms attempt to minimize the amount of inventory they have in order to reduce their:a) purchasing costs.b) production costs.c) carrying costs.d) quality control.e) human resources.27. The sequence of tasks necessary to complete the production of a product is:a) dispatching.b) quality control.c) purchasing.d) routing. e) deintegration.28. The act of setting time periods for each task in the production process is called:a) routing.b) scheduling.c) inventory control.d) dispatching.e) quality control.29. A method of scheduling tasks that illustrates the expected timing for each task within the production process is a(n):调度任务的方法,说明了预计时间为生产过程中的每个任务(n)a) Venn diagram.b) Gantt chart.c) MRP system.d) just-in-time system.e) production plan.30. To minimize delays, the tasks that are part of the ______ are reviewed.a) purchasing applicationsb) Gantt chartc) critical pathd) raw material inventorye) hotelling31. Which of the following terms describes the process of monitoring the characteristics of a product to ensure that the firm’s standards are met?下列哪方面描述的过程监控产品的特点,以确保公司的标准得到满足?a) expectation downsizingb) quality controlc) critical path managementd) program evaluation and review techniquee) work-in-process control32. A method of evaluating performance by comparison to some specified level, usually a level set by another company, is called:a) cost control.b) total quality management.c) targeting.d) benchmarking.e) goal setting.33. Through ______ firms achieve a lower average cost per unit by producing a larger volume.a) inventory managementb) per unit expense controlc) economies of scaled) deintegratione) effective marketing34. At the break-even point:a) the number of units produced equals the number of units sold.b) economies of scale fail.c) the company begins to lose money.d) fixed costs equal variable costs.e) total revenue equals total cost.35. The revision of the production process in an attempt to improve efficiency is called:a) restructuring.b) realignment.c) reintegration.d) downsizing.e) reengineering.36. The supply chain is:供应链是：a) the flow of inventory from raw materials to finished goods.b) the outsourcing process from supplier to firm.c) the marketing process from concept to consumption.d) the production process from beginning to consumer purchase.?生产过程从开始到消费者购买e) the conversion of resources to a product or service.CHAPTER 11True or False1. Job analysis represents the forecasting of a firm’s employee needs.2. One task of human resource planning is recruiting.3. Firms tend to avoid hiring new full-time workers to meet temporary needs for higher production levels.4. A job specification states the credentials necessary to qualify for the position.5. Federal laws make it illegal to discriminate on the basis of factors not related to potential job performance.6. Employee benefits such as health insurance and dental insurance are taxed.7. Firms should offer the same compensation package to their workers in foreign countries that they offer to employees in their home country.8. The overall performance evaluation of most employees is based on multiple criteria.9. Employees perceive performance evaluation as a method for allocating wage increases.10. Each of the performance criteria must be weighted equally to avoid unbalancing the performance appraisal.Multiple Choice11. The document that specifies credentials necessary to qualify for the job position is a:所需的文档指定证书工作位置a) job specification.b) job description.c) job analysis.d) job evaluation.e) performance evaluation.12. A major responsibility of a human resource manager is to:a) help each specific department recruit candidates for its open positions.帮助每一个特定的部门招聘职位的候选人b) conduct the performance evaluations for all employees.c) establish the information system and local area network used by the firm’s employees.d) help select the members of top management who will serve on the firm’s board of directors.e) prevent the formation of labor unions.13. The tasks and responsibilities of a job position are disclosed in a(n):a) job specification.b) indenture agreement.c) job description.d) organization chart.e) staffing report.14. The process used to determine the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position is referred to as:这个过程用于确定的任务和必要的凭证被称为一个特定的位置a) job analysis.b) job screening.c) human resource planning.d) human resource forecasting.e) recruiting.15. Human resource planning includes all of the following tasks except:a) designing the appropriate compensation package.b) performing job analysis.c) forecasting employment needs.d) recruiting.16. If firms wish to avoid hiring during a temporary increase in production, they can offer _____to existing workers.a) overtimeb) vacationsc) training programsd) affirmative actione) orientation programs17. When a firm attempts to fill job openings with persons it already employs, it is engaging in:a) intrapreneurship.b) internal recruiting.c) entrenchment.d) precruiting.e) focused recruiting.18. A(n) _____ is an assignment to ahigher-level job with more responsibility and greater pay.a) transferb) lateral assignmentc) perquisited) upward appraisale) promotion19. A firm’s human resource manager can obtain detailed information about the applicant’s past work experience through a(n):a) employment test.b) physical exam.c) interview.d) orientation program.e) job analysis.20. A step in the recruiting process that involves screening applicants is the:a) training procedure.b) orientation procedure.c) upward appraisal.d) interview. e) probation period.21. All of the following are advantages of diversity in the workplace except:a) increased innovation.b) less chance of discrimination lawsuits.c) enhanced ability to interact with customers.d) better access to the pool of eligible employees.e) a change in the production process.22. A company gives employees the right to purchase its stock at a specified price when it provides them with:a) presumptive rights.b) an indenture agreement.c) stock options.d) a stock preference.e) a closed-end agreement.23. The use of stock options as a means of compensation:a) legally can be provided only to top executives and members of the board of directors.b) is declining in popularity since options reduce the firm’s profits.c) is opposed by labor unions, since options are available only to nonunion employees.d) may tempt managers to manipulate financial statements to boost stock prices.e) has allowed workers in many firms to control who serves on the board of directors of their firm.24. The case of Enron and other corporate scandals shows that managers who receive stock options may be tempted to do all of the following except:a) magnify company expenses.b) manipulate the stock price.c) exaggerate company earnings.d) issue overly optimistic reports.e) withhold bad news.25. An extra onetime payment at the end of a period in which performance was measured is a:a) salary.b) wage.c) stock option.d) piece rate.e) bonus.26. ______ normally represent compensation forachieving specific sales objectives and often are part of the compensation received by people working in sales positions.a) Pensionsb) Commissionsc) Perquisitesd) Stock optionse) Dividends27. Additional privileges given to high-level employees, such as a company car or membership in an exclusive club, are known as:a) professional privileges.b) commissions.c) executive options.d) perquisites.e) golden parachutes.28. ______ are additional privileges, such as paid vacation time and health and dental insurance, given to most or all employees.a) Employee benefitsb) Perquisitesc) Commissionsd) Implicit compensationse) Kickbacks29. Employees who are directly involved in the production process (such as assembly-line workers) tend to receive most of their compensation in the form of a:a) bonus.b) commission.c) salary.d) stock option.e) perquisite.30. If a manager is having difficulties managing his or her subordinates, _____ would be recommended.a) human relations trainingb) safety skills trainingc) decision-making skill trainingd) customer service traininge) technical training31. A performance evaluation:a) should avoid subjective criteria because they are impossible to measure with any accuracy. b) is only useful as a means of determining whether employees qualify for pay raises.c) is typically based on multiple criteria, some of which are objective while others are subjective.d) is only necessary for workers who are likely candidates for higher-level positions.e) should be given only to workers who are experiencing job-related problems.32. The following are objective criteria in performance evaluation except for:a) parts produced per week.b) number of days absent.c) percentage of deadlines missed.d) defective parts produced by employee errors.e) willingness of an employee to help other employees.33. If an employee receives a poor performance appraisal, the first action that should be taken is: a) communicating the performance criteria to the employee.b) terminating the employee.c) determining the reasons for poor performance.d) suspending the employee.e) reassigning the employee.34. When firms allow employees to evaluate their supervisors, this process is known as a(n):a) management audit.b) upward appraisal.c) forward appraisal.d) peer review.e) executive evaluation.35. When employees evaluate their supervisors, the results are likely to be more meaningful if the appraisal is done:a) verbally, with nothing put in writing.b) without the supervi sor’s knowledge.c) no more than once every two years.d) anonymously.e) only by employees who have known the supervisor for more than two years.36. Lawsuits against firms by fired employees:a) have become much less common in recent years.b) allow the fired employees to collect compensatory damages, but not punitive damages.c) are decided by a judge rather than a jury.d) usually should be settled out of court as soon as possible to avoid negative publicity.e) are usually settled in favor of the firm if supervisors followed proper procedures when firing the employees.CHAPTER 12Multiple Choice11. A Rolex watch and a Jaguar automobile are considered:a) convenience products.b) shopping goods.c) industrial products.d) specialty products.e) priority products.12. When a hospital supply company offers a wide variety of products to its customers, the firm is:a) offering quantity price discounts in order to attract price-conscious customers.b) encouraging customers to pay their outstanding debts in order to take advantage of discounts.c) practicing product differentiation.d) diversifying its product mix.e) responding to the needs of a diverse labor force.13. All of the following are key factors that influence consumer preferences and the size of a target market except:a) social values.b) anthropology.c) economic factors.d) geography.e) demographics.14. Cameras, clothes, and household items are examples of products that exist in:a) industrial markets.b) business markets.c) consumer markets.d) government markets.e) foreign industrial markets.15. The size of a particular target market is most likely to change in response to a change in:a) inflation.b) consumer preferences. c) interest rates.d) the number of competitors.e) the size of the largest competitor.16. When firms develop products, they assess the markets of their competitors to determine their:a) financial plans.b) marketing strategies.c) industrial strategies.d) geographic segmentation.e) business segmentation.17. Personal computers are subject to _____ because of the rapid changes in the development of computer hardware components.a) product feasibilityb) penetration pricingc) planned obsolescenced) the development of generic brandse) technological obsolesce nce18. E-marketing supports marketing research in all the following ways except:a) low cost of personal surveys.b) speed of receiving marketing information.c) customer openness with opinions.d) access to customers of varied income levels.e) face-to-face interviews.19. To develop new ideas for expanding their product line, many firms have recently increased their investment in:a) research and development.b) production facilities.c) distribution facilities.d) overseas production and assembly operations.e) inventory control.20. Which of the following can be used by a firm to protect its investments in research and product development?a) marketing researchb) patentsc) demographicsd) target market selectione) product mix21. The first step in creating a new product is to:a) assess the feasibility of the product.b) develop a product idea.c) design the product.d) test the product.e) distribute and promote the product.22. New and revised products may be tested through:a) commercialization.b) geographic sales.c) product life cycle.d) family brands.e) marketing research.23. All of the following are methods commonly used to differentiate products from those of competitors except:a) quality.b) design.c) tax policies.d) packaging.e) branding.24. The Coca-Cola Company sells Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Cherry Coke, and other soft drinks, which is an example of a(n):a) family brand.b) individual brand.c) corporate brand.d) trademark.e) copyright.25. Many _____ strategies are focused on convenience.a) packagingb) economicc) partnershipd) obsolescencee) finance26. Products that are not branded by the producer or retail store are called:a) manufacturer brands.b) national brands.c) store brands.d) obsolete brands.e) generic brands.27. All of the following are benefits of product branding except:a) greater company name recognition.b) lower prices.c) easier to introduce new products.d) easier to enter new geographic markets.e) easier to obtain retail store shelf space.28. The process of combining two noncompeting products at a discounted price is called: a) complementary advertising.b) multiple discounts.c) co-branding.d) sales promotion double.e) quantity pricing.29. Sales of the product increase rapidly during the _____ phase of the product life cycle.a) maturityb) introductionc) saturationd) growthe) declining30. Which of the following pricing strategies would likely be used in a market where no other competitive products are available?a) cost-based pricingb) penetration pricingc) predatory pricingd) price skimminge) defensive pricing31. Managers typically attempt to set a price that will maximize a firm’s:a) value.b) cost.c) production.d) advertising.e) promotion.32. When a firm lowers its price and total revenue increases, it tells us that:a) the demand for the product is price-inelastic.b) a penetration pricing strategy is being followed.c) consumers are not very responsive to price changes.d) the demand for the product is price-elastic.e) the firm is using a price-skimming strategy.33. Some pricing decisions are directly related to the supply of:a) social values.b) social norms.c) maintenance operations.d) creditors in the marketplace.e) inventory.34. Which of the following pricing strategies adds a profit markup to the per-unit cost of production?a) prestige pricingb) cost-based pricingc) defensive pricingd) profit pricinge) penetration pricing35. When a cost of production remains unchanged regardless of how many units are produced, it is referred to as:a) variable.b) semifinished.c) fixed.d) in process.e) terminal.36. (Fixed Cost) + (Quantity * Variable Cost per Unit) describes:a) Total Cost.b) Total Revenue.c) Break-Even Point.d) Profits.e) Average Cost Per Unit.37. The break-even point occurs when:a) profits are maximized.b) sales are at a minimum.c) total revenue equals total cost.d) contribution margin is highest.e) sales discounts are minimized.38. Discounts:a) are considered predatory pricing.b) work best in price-inelastic situations.c) tend to erode profits.d) attract consumers who are price conscious.e) are an inefficient means of segmenting the market.CHAPTER 13Multiple Choice11. The manner by which a firm’s products are made accessible to its customers is determined by its:a) advertising strategies.b) product decisions.c) pricing strategies.d) distribution decisions.e) package designs.12. A distribution channel通道represents the path of a product from producer to:a) retailer.b) wholesaler.c) consumer.d) manufacturer.e) industrial distributor.13. With a direct channel of distribution, the full difference between the manufacturer’s cost and the price paid by the consumer goes to the:a) manufacturer.b) wholesaler.c) retailer.d) intermediary.e) merchant.14. Wholesalers are marketing intermediaries who purchase products from manufacturers and sellthem to:a) final users.b) retailers.c) other manufacturers.d) primary customers.e) secondary customers.15. Marketing intermediaries that match buyers and sellers of products without becoming the owners of the products themselves are known as:a) single-service marketers.b) agents.c) commission-based wholesalers.d) stockers.e) mediators.16. Products that are standardized and easily transported are likely to:a) be sold at a high markup.b) have limited market areas.c) use intermediaries in their distribution channels.d) be sold at steep discounts.e) use a direct channel of distribution.17. _____ refers to the degree of product distribution among outlets.a) The marketing mixb) Demographic distributionc) Market coveraged) Channelizatione) The retail ratio18. Firms that fill orders over the Internet tend touse a(n) _____ channel of distribution.a) one-levelb) unidirectionalc) multimodald) directe) intrinsic19. _____ distribution is used when a producer distributes its products through certain chosen outlets while intentionally avoiding other possible outlets.a) Restrictiveb) Exclusivec) Intensived) Narrowe) Selective20. An advantage of exclusive distribution is that it:a) makes the product widely available to consumers at a variety of outlets.b) eliminates all market intermediaries.c) allows the firm to avoid charging a sales tax on the goods.d) may allow the firm to create and maintain an image of prestige.e) provides the goods to consumers at the lowest possible cost.21. Newspaper publishers have their papers available in grocery stores, convenience stores, and vending machines and at many other locations throughout a city. This is an example of a(n) _____ distribution of a product.a) nonspecificb) specializedc) geographically dispersedd) intensivee) decentralized22. Exclusive distribution can be viewed as an extreme form of:a) intensive distribution.b) the one-channel approach.c) selective distribution.d) price discrimination.e) mass merchandising.23. A(n) _____ is a retailer with only one outlet.a) exclusive retailerb) independent retail storec) wholesaler d) franchise retailere) sole proprietorship24. _____ are usually the best way to ship goods when the goods must be delivered quickly to several different locations in a local area.a) Trucksb) Bargesc) The railroadsd) Pipelinese) Containerized modules25. One way to accelerate the distribution process is to make sure that it is integrated with the _____ process.a) marketingb) financingc) credit approvald) advertisinge) production26. Restructuring a distribution process commonly results in the elimination of:a) production.b) warehouses.c) manufacturers.d) product lines.e) product mixes.27. _____ allows a firm to check orders online, determine where future inventory shortages may occur, and increase its production accordingly.a) E-marketingb) Integrated productionc) Source-to-source coordinationd) Marketing logisticse) Inventory management28. Specialty stores in a shopping mall can offer the customer convenience while retaining their:a) selectivity.b) prestige.c) price advantage.d) wide customer appeal.e) product variety.29. A camera shop that has knowledgeable salespeople who can provide advice to purchasers andalso offers to service and repair the cameras it sells is an example of a(n):a) mass merchandiser.b) agent-seller.c) one-stop shopping outlet.d) distribution chain.e) full-service retailer.30. Stores that tend to focus on only one or a few types of products are:a) specialty retailers.b) variety department stores.c) retail outlets.d) discount stores.e) cash-and-carry retailers.31. When the wholesaler purchases the products from the manufacturer and sells them to retailers on credit, it normally assumes the:a) package design.b) credit risk.c) promotional expenses of the manufacturer.d) manufacturer’s guarantee.e) producer’s risk.32. A wholesaler provides all of the following services to manufacturers except:a) production.b) warehousing.c) delivery to retailers.d) sales expertise.e) feedback from retailers.33. A situation in which two or more levels of distribution are managed by a single firm is called:a) vertical channel integration.b) horizontal channel integration.c) multilevel marketing.d) wheel of retailing.e) conglomeration.34. When a _____ considers vertical integration, it must be concerned about whether it will lose its established business with retail firms.a) retailerb) producerc) service providerd) retailere) chain store35. All of the following are distribution difficulties that firms may encounter when operating internationally except:a) poorly organized distribution networks.b) organized crime.c) payoffs. d) lack of potential customers.e) lack of intermediaries.CHAPTER 14Multiple Choice11. Even if a firm’s product is properly produced, priced, and distributed, it still needs to be:a) manufactured.b) inspected.c) graded.d) promoted.e) market tested.12. All of the following are methods of promotion except:a) target marketing.b) personal selling.c) advertising.d) sales promotion.e) public relations.13. The act of informing or reminding consumers about a specific product or brand is referred to as:a) personal selling.b) production.c) finance.d) promotion.e) research and development.14. Which of the following promotion strategies is a nonpersonal sales promotion aimed at a largenumber of consumers?a) advertisingb) public relationsc) telemarketingd) retail sellinge) mega-marketing15. A nonpersonal sales presentation about a specific brand is:a) institutional advertising.b) personal selling.c) brand advertising.d) comparative advertising.e) reminder advertising.16. The type of advertising that is used for grocery products such as cereal, peanut butter, and dogfood is:。