增词
practice 1. Schooling is compulsory in most states to the age of 16. 2. The American people are always on the move --- from one part of the country to another, from one city to another, from farm to city, from the city to the suburbs.
表达意义的变通
practice: 1. Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. 2. Those who wish may become private patients, paying for their treatment, but they still pay their contributions to the national insurance and health schemes.
English to Chinese
LOGO
翻译策略和技巧
什么是翻译技巧（Techniques）？
所谓翻译技巧则指的是翻译的具体手段，即翻译 SL时在某些场合需要对TL做哪些相应的调整和改 变。 翻译技巧一般包括: 改变词类（conversion） 选词用字（diction） 词序调整（inversion） 省略（omission） 增词（amplification） 重复（repetition） 反译法（negation） 分译法（division）等
词类转换法
• 英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据 需要将具有动作性的名词转换为 汉语的动词，或者将可表示概念 的动词转换为汉语名词。

词类转换法
• For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them. • 学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模 式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们 来说是外在的写作模式。
重视词的搭配
• 英语词义的理解和翻译，还要考虑词和词的 搭配，这是因为英汉两种语言中词的搭配不 尽相同，有时候要用多个意义相近的词来译 同一个英语词语。
重视词的搭配
practice: None of the parties shall be entitled to make any press release or other public statement or disclosure concerning this agreement without the prior written consent of the other parties.

词类转换法
practice 1. Every British citizen who is employed or self-employed is obliged to pay a weekly contribution to the national insurance and health schemes. 2. A miser is characterized by greed. 3. Every Englishman has some knowledges, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. 4. The two partners think differently.
增译法
• 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风 格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一 些词语,这就叫增译法. • 增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实 词。 • 英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量 词、概念词、语气词等。 • 从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、 意义增补和修辞增补。

词类转换法
• We have to analyze and solve problems. • 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 • Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. • 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 • Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. • 先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和 平。 • Nels had it all written out neatly. • 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。
增词
在同一个英语句子里，如果谓语动词有一个以 上的宾语，一个这个动词只出现一次，但翻译 时，应视需要在中文中增补。
增词
1. Detroit has some of the most beautiful residential neighborhoods in the USA and at the same time the most shocking slums. 底 特律有一些美国最漂亮的住宅区，而同时也有 一些最令人震惊的贫民窟。 2. Detroit owes its rapid growth and one-time properity to the automobile, and above all to Henry Ford. 底特律的迅速发展及其一度繁荣 归功于汽车业，尤其归功于亨利· 福特。
重视词的虑词和词的 搭配，这是因为英汉两种语言中词的搭配不 尽相同，有时候要用多个意义相近的词来译 同一个英语词语。
重视词的搭配
• This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financhial security, or ownership of land or a home. 这就意味 着每一代人都希望得到更好的工作、在经济 上更有安全感、亦或者拥有土地或住房。

词类转换法
• • • • • • • In those years the Republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。 The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了。 Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折。 Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. • 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。 • This experiment is a great success. • 这次实验是极为成功的。

词的翻译：从泛指到具体
• After high school a person may prepare for a particular vocation or occupation by attending vocational courses either in a junior college or in a privately suppourted training school ... Or a person may attend a college or university.
高中毕业后，毕业生可以进入大专或者私人自主的培训学校读职业课程，为从事 某项专业或者职业做准备。高中毕业生也可以进学院或者进大学。
词的翻译：从泛指到具体
• Thus the people of the entire community, not just the parents of the children who attend, pay for public schools, which are free and open to everyone.
因此，整个社区的居民，而不仅仅是入学儿童的家长，都得为公立学校出资，而 公立学校是免费的，每个人都可以上学。
词的翻译：从泛指到具体
Practice: 1. My cheap camera takes better pictures than his expensive one. 2. Students who do well in examinations are the ones who ask questions in class. 3. One never knows what may happen.
分辨词义的褒贬
practice 1. His recent discoveries have greatly added to his reputation. 2. During the Second World War the aggressive Japanese soldiers won themselves a savage reputation. 3. A successful businessman has to be aggressive.
• • • • •
I am looking forward to the holidays. 我等待假日的到来。 Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. • 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 • Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. • 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科 学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。