初中:形容词.副词形容词Adjective(adj.)和副词Adverb(adv.)◆一形容词形容词用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。
在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。
（一）作定语1. 如果几个形容词修饰一个名词，其顺序为：限定词（my / the / this / some / two）+ 性质（lovely / bad ）+ 大小 + 形状、新旧、年龄 + 颜色 + 地方 + 材料 +用途类别 + 中心名词。
如：She has beautiful long curly blonde hair . / a fine old stone bridge / some lovely little black birds2. 形容词作定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但修饰不定代词时常放在所修饰词之后。
如：(二) 作表语1．The classroom is big and bright .2. 有少数形容词一般只能作表语，不能作定语。
alone 单独的 awake 醒着的afraid 害怕的 well 身体健康的 asleep 睡着的 alive 活着的3. 一些连系动词后也可以接形容词作表语。
look 看上去 sound 听起来 get 变得turn 变得 become 变得 grow 变得 feel 感觉 taste 尝起来 seem 看上去 stay 保持keep 保持 remain 保持 appear 显得(三) 作宾语补足语 (四) the + 形容词：表示一类人或物。
如果指人，作主语时为复数，指事物时为单数。
如：The old are taken good care of .◆二副词副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
(一) 副词的位置1. 副词在句中的位置较灵活，可放句首、句中或句末。
一般的，多数副词放在动词后面。
但very / much / still / almost等程度副词常放在修饰词之前。
always /often等频率副词放在行为动词之前、系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。
如：He is often late for school .2. 多个副词同时出现的次序通常为：方式副词—地点副词—时间副词。
如：She went to work (二) 副词的作用1. 作状语It’s raining2. 作表语3. 作定语◆三形容词怎样变副词1. 大多数形容词在词尾加-ly 。
如：careful-carefully quick-quickly2. 以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的形容词，把y 变成i ，再加-ly 。
如：easy-easily happy-happily lucky-luckily3. 以―元音字母+e‖结尾的形容词，去e 再加-ly 。
如：true-truly4. 以le 结尾的形容词，去e 再加-y 。
如：possible-possibly simple-simply※ 少数以-ly 结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。
如：friendly(友好的) lonely(孤独的) lovely(可爱的) 等。
◆四形容词和副词的等级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级（即原形）、比较级、最高级。
比较级表示两者（人或事物）的比较，最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the ，而副词最高级前加不加都可以。
（一）规则变化-r / -st .如: y 变成i ，再加-er / -est .如： -er / -est .如：如：（二）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good / well better bestmany / much more mostbad / ill / badly worse worstlittle less leastfar farther / further farthest / furthestold older / elder年长的 oldest / eldest◆五形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法1. 同级比较肯定as +形容词/副词原级+ as (…与…一样…)否定 not as / so +形容词/副词原级+ as (…不如…) 如：①He is as tall as I .他和我一样高。
②He runs as fast as I .他和我跑得一样快。
③This ruler is not as / so long as that one .这把尺子没有那把长。
2. too…to… (太…不能…) 如：It’s too hot to do anything .天气太热以至于不能做任何事。
3. …enough to… (足以干…) 如：He is old enough to go to school .4. A+比较级+than+B (A比B…) 如：①The earth is bigger than the moon .地球比月球大。
②He works harder than we .他比我们工作更努力。
5. （越来越…）比较级+ and +比较级more and more+原级如：①When spring comes , the days are getting longer and longer .当春天来临时，白天变得越来越长。
②This song is getting more and more popular .这首歌变得越来越流行了。
6. The +比较级…，the +比较级…（越…就越…）如：①The harder you study , the better grades you will get .你学习越努力，就越能取得好成绩。
②The more you have , the more you want .你拥有的越多，想要的也就越多。
7. Which / Who…+比较级，A or B ? (A和B ，谁更…？) 如：①Which is cheaper , the T-shirt or the shirt ?T恤和衬衣，哪个更便宜？②Who runs faster , Tom or Jim ?汤姆和吉姆，谁跑得更快？8. the +最高级+ in （of,among ）… (最…) 如：①Ann is the tallest in our class .安是我们班上最高的。
②China is the greatest in the world .9. 比较级+than any (other)… 用比较级的句式表示最高级的意思如：①Rose is taller than any other student in her class .罗斯比班上任何其他学生都高。
意思是她是班上个子最高的10. one of the +最高级+名词复数 (最…之一) 如：①The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China .黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
②Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan .周杰伦是台湾最受欢迎的歌手之一。
11. Which / Who+…（the ）+最高级，A ，B or C ? A 、B 和C ，哪个（谁）最…？如：①Which is the biggest , the sun , the earth or the moon ?太阳、月亮和地球，哪个最大？②Who runs (the) fastest , Kate , Tom or Mike ?谁跑得最快，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？12. the +序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数第几…的… 如：The Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country .长江是我国第一长河。
◆六比较级的修饰语比较级前可加much / a little / a bit / even / far / still等来修饰，说明程度，但不可用very / quite / rather / too / so 等修饰。
如：①It is much colder today than yesterday .今天比昨天冷得多。
②My apple is a li ttle bigger than yours .我的苹果比你的大点儿。
练习一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级strong ________ ________ high ________ ________ slowly ________ ________ quickly ________ ________ badly ________ ________ well ________ ________ much________ ________ far ________ ________ busy ________ ________ fat ________________ fine ________ ________ clever ________ ________ angry ________________ sad ________ ________ old ________ ________ often ________ ________ few ________ ________ empty ________ ________二、将下列形容词变为副词loud ______ usual ______ final ______ real ______ lucky ______ fast ______ busy ______ early ______ polite ______ certain ______ near ______三、将下列名词变为形容词cloud ______ wind ______ sun ______ care ______ danger ______ thank ______ worry ______ help ______ friend ______ noise ______ death ______ health ______ China ______四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Which kind of meat is __________ (popular) in China , beef , pork or chicken ?2. Summer is __________ (hot) season of the year .3. Shanghai is one of __________ (big ) cities in the world .4. I think English is __________ (interesting) than math .5. He doesn’t run as ______ (fast) as you .6. The Yellow River is the second ________ (long) river in China , and it is one of the ________ (long) rivers in the world .7. Which problem is __________ (difficult) , this one or that one ?8. Tom comes to school ________ (early) than him .9. Of all the workers , he is __________ (busy) .10. Try your ______ (well) and you can do ______ (well) in English .11. Our city is becoming _____ and __________ (beautiful) .12. Who is ________ (tall) , the girl or the boy ?13. This song is __________ (popular) than that one , I think .14. Lin Ming is one of __________ (good) students in our class .15. Tom ,you’re too fat ! You must take ________ (much) exercise and eat ________ (little) meat .16. Lucy works as ________ (hard) as Lily . I think they can both get good grades .17. In our city , it’s ________ (hot) in July , but it is even ________ (hot) in August .18. Mary works __________ (carefully) in our class .19.Which of the twins runs ______ (fast) ?20. Congratulations ! It’s a very ________ (success) p erformance .21. ________ (luck), he was not badly hurt .22. Have you found your ________ (lose) car ?23. I think this CD player is ________ (help) to learn English .24. She couldn’t fall ________ (sleep) last night .25. Lucy is a ________ (forget) girl . She often leaves her book at home .26. The oranges taste ______ (good) .27. He spoke ________ (loud) and _______ (clear) .28. To cross the road is __________ (danger) for the children .29. Be _________ (quickly) ! Or you’ll be late .30. Thomas Edison was ________ in science when he was very young . He thought it was very ________(interest) .五、单项选择1. Li Ming is five . He is _____ to _____ himself .A. too old ; dressB.old enough ; dressC. enough old ; wear2. It’s _____ cheaper to travel by train than by plane .A. muchB. veryC. too3. The old man was _____ weak _____ look after himself .A. too ; toB.so ; thatC. so ; to4. I think this book is as _____ as that one .A. useB. more usefulC. useful5. –Can you tell me how to keep healthy ?-You should eat _____ fast food , _____ vegetables and take enough exercise .A. fewer ; moreB. less ; fewerC. less ; more6. John is much shorter than his sister , but he jumps _____ she does .A. as best asB. as high asC. as higher as7. They’re going to build a school for _____ .A. the blindB. blindC. the blinds8. This kind of shirt looks _____ and sells _____ .A. nice ; wellB. good ; goodC. well ; nice9. Drinking milk can help us to keep _____ .A. healthB.healthyC.heathily10. The suit was _____ expensive that I couldn’t afford it .A. veryB. soC.too11. The old writer lives _____ , but he doesn’t feel _____ .A. alone ; lonelyB.lonely ; aloneC.lonely ; lonely12. Jack doesn’t run _____ to catch the bus .A. enough fastB.quickly enoughC.slowly enough13. This year our school is _____ than it was last year .A. much more beautifulB. much beautifulC.the most beautiful14. – The more English newspapers you read , _____ you will do in your English .- Thanks a lot .A. the moreB.the betterC.the well15. His English is as _____ as his Chinese .A. goodB. wellC. better16. When I retire , I’ll move _____ .A. anywhere quietB. somewhere quietC.to somewhere quiet17. He jumps _____ farther than I .A. veryB. quiteC. much18. Shanghai is larger than _____ in India .A. any other cityB. any cityC. any other cities19. Jimmy often eats _____ meat , so he is _____ fat now .A. too much ; much tooB. much too ; too muchC.too many ; much too20. Li Gang is _____ of the two brothers .A. more carefulB. the more carefulC.the most careful(比较范围用了―of the two …‖时，比较级前要加the 。