在非洲，我遇到一个小孩子，他哭 得很伤心，我问他为什么，他说他 饿了，因为两天没有吃东西了。
顺序法是指有些英语长句的叙事层次
与汉语相仿，基本上可按原文顺序译
出，为了使前后语气衔接，可增加必 要的词语。例如：
I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.
汉语长句呈现出一种竹式结构。在表 达一些较复杂的思想时，往往借助动 词，按动作发生的顺序，或逻辑顺序， 逐步交待，层层展开，有如一根竹子， 一节节连下去。
英语多前重心，汉语多后重心。
在表达复杂思想时，英语往往是判断或结 论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在 前；汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、 由事实到结论，即重心在后。例如：
And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.
在表达阶段，先将每个划开的单 句逐一翻译，然后将译出的句子 进行调整和组合，最后对译文进 行加工润色。
长句翻译的处理方法有两种：一是 大致按原文句子结构顺序进行翻译 （简称顺序法），二是按照汉语的 逻辑顺序进行翻译（简称变序法）。
In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
为了更好地了解物理学，并为进一步 学习打好稳固的基础，当你接触到物 理学上的符号、公式、定义和定律的 时候，不管他们是多么复杂，你必须 把它们牢牢记住。
英语多长句，汉语多短句。
英语长句呈现出一种“多枝共干” 的树状结构。英语凭借关联词可以 层层修饰, 句中套句, 再加上插入语、 补充成分、同位语或独立成分等， 可以形成复杂的长句。
2. Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical background of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure,
I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.
fall on us if we do nothing.
我不相信，无论我们做什么，我们 的命运都一样；但是我相信，如果 我们什么都不做，我们的命运是一 样的。（美国前总统里根）
变序法是指英语长句的表达顺序往 往与汉语表达顺序大相径庭，英语 最重要的信息往往出现在句首, 然后 再交代条件/原因等；而汉语往往先 将背景情况铺陈开来，说明条件/原 因等信息，然后再说出结果等最重 要的信息，有时则按照时间的先后 安排语序，因而汉译时需要按汉语 的表达习惯调整原文顺序。
It is a truth universally acknowledged that
a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. （Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice） 凡是有钱的单身汉，总是要位太太，这已经 形成了举世公认的真理。（王科一译）
and lay a solid foundation for further study.
2. You must fix in mind the symbols and formulas, definitions and laws of physics, no matter how complex they may be, when you come in contact with them, in order that you may understand the subject better and lay a solid foundation for further study.
2. Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical background of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure, caused by rising living standards and family planning.
2. You must fix in mind the symbols and formulas, definitions and laws of physics, no matter how complex they may be, when you come in contact with them, in order that you may understand the subject better
caused by rising living standards and fa同的问 题, 因为虽然化学研究工作者和化学 品制造商都知道元素O指的是氧, 但 在实践中他们关于氧的概念都不一 样。因而, 假定研究工作者用制造商 生产的氧来做一次精确度很高的实 验, 这实验很可能会失败, 因为这种 所谓的氧不论是用其固体、液体或 气体，几乎可以肯定都含有杂质。
由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及 计划生育，中国的家庭结构发生着 缓慢却具有实质性的变化，必须根 据这一历史背景考虑如何解决人到 老年的问题。
3. Having just left school or technical institute, where they had their place and a task to fulfil and where they were known and esteemed by their collegues, those young people who do not land that first job they were so eagerly looking forward to have to face up for the first time to unemployment, a situation for which neither family nor school has prepared them.
原译：他清楚他该有多尴尬，如果她知道 他有这样的母亲，知道他出生在这样的
地方，知道他出生在这样的人中间的话。
改译：他有这样的母亲，他生在这样的
地方，他出生在这样的人中间，要是 这些都让她知道，他明白该有多丢人。
The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think , reason, judge, analyze and synthesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which are within his range of competence and understanding.
1. I came back home yesterday from Baidaihe where I had spent my vacation after the training course that I had taken in Tianjin.
我先在天津参加一个培训班；后 来到北戴河度假；昨天才回到家。
英 汉 翻 译 理 论 蔡主 与 子讲 实 亮践
翻译理论与实践
英译汉常用的方法和技巧:(12)
长句的译法
长句是指语法结构比较复杂、 从句和修饰语较多，包含的内
容层次在一个以上的句子。
试译以下句子：
1. I came back home yesterday from
Baidaihe where I had spent my vacation after the training course that I had taken in Tianjin.
It is just great to be recognized for what
you love to do.
做你喜欢做的事，又得到认可，那才叫棒。
翻译长句，有两点至关重要：第一， 对原文的准确理解；第二，恰如其分 的表达。
在理解阶段，首先要找出整个句子的 主句及主句的主语和谓语，了解其中 心意思，然后理清各个修饰语和被修 饰语之间的关系，掌握各层次的内容， 进而按照逻辑顺序把句子的各个部分 内容组成一句完整的话语。