C8Test 1Section 1A: Hi，George! Glad you're back. Loads of people have phoned you.B: ReallyA: I felt just like your secretary!B: Sorry! I went into the this afternoon to have a look at aand I came across something really interestingA: What A bookB: No，a from a festival - mainly music. Look，I've got it here.A: music I really love the. Let's have a look. So what'sthis ‘Guitarrini'B: They're really good. They had a with all the highlights of the festival ata stand in the lobby to the，so I heard them. They play fantastic instruments - and flutes and old kinds of. I've never heard anything like it before.A: Sounds great.B: Okay. Shall we go then Spoil ourselvesA：Yes，let's.B: The only problem is there aren't any cheap . . . it's allone .A: Well，in that case we could sit right at the front - we'd have a reallygood .B: Yeah，though I think that if you sit at the back You can actually hearthe whole thing better.A: Yes. Anyway we can decide when we get there.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A: So will you fill in the or shall IB: 1'11 do it. Name: George O'Neill. : ,West sea.Do you remember our new postcode Still can't remember it.A: Just a minute - I've got it written down here. Do you need the tooB: Please. I'm really bad at .A: . So，let's book two for Guitarrini.B: Okay. If you're sure _____ each is all right. How do you feel aboutthe singerA: I haven't quite decided. But I've noticed something on the bookingthat might just persuade me!B: What's that thenA: Free !B: ReallyA: Yes，look here. . Singer, ____ includesin the .B: Sounds like a to me!A: Yes，let's book two for that. So, what else I'm feeling quitekeen now! How about the on theB: Anna Ventura I've just remembered that's my evening c1ass night.A: That's okay. I’ll just have to go on my own - but we can go to the and together，can't weB: Yes -I'm sure Tom and Kieran would enjoy that too. Good heaven ___a ! I can see we're going to have to go without food for the rest ofthe week - we'll need to book! A: Wish we were 一 look! ， and SeniorCitizens get a on everything. B: If only!Section 2Hello, and thank you for asking me to your teachers' to talkabout the Dinosaur and to tell you a bit about what you can dowith your there.Well, let me give you some of the first. In regardto opening _______, we're open every day of the week from_____ to ____except on when we close at . And, in factthe only day in the year when we’re closed is on theYou can book a for your schoolany time that we're open.If you bring a school to the , when you arrive we ask you to remainwith your in the. One or more of the will welcome youthere and brief you about what the will be about. We do this there becauseour is quite small and we really haven't got much room for briefingin the 。

As far as the amount of time you'll need goes, if you bring a schoolyou should plan on allowing a minimum of for the visit. Thisallows to get on and off the ,for the and for after-tour.If you're going to have at the you will, of course, haveto allow more time. There are two in the , with seatingfor people. If you want to eat there you'll need to reserve someseating, as they can get quite crowed at time. Then theat the back there are, and ________ can bring their ownand eat it there in the open air.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------When the _______ come into the foyer we ask them to check in theirbackpacks with their ______, boxes, etc, at thebefore they enter the proper. I'm afraid in the past we havehad a few things gone missing after school visits so this is astrict . Also, some of the are fragile and we don't wantthem to be accidentally knocked. But we do provide school _______ withwith and quizzes on them. There's so much that ________ can learnin the and it’s fun for them to have something to do. Of course!They’ll need to bring something to wr ite with for these. We do allow_______to take For________ who are doing it's usefulto make some kind of visual of what they see that they can addto their. And finally, they should not bring anything to eat intothe , or of any kind.There are also a few ______ the _______ can do after the. In theon the there are continuous screenings of shortabout dinosaurs which they can see any time. We used to have anwith more interactive things like making of dinosaurs and drawing and pictures, even hunting for dinosaur eggs, but unfortunatelythe room was damaged in a bad storm recently when water came in the roof,so that's closed at the moment. But we do have an IT where students have to with a range of dinosaur games. These games are a lot of fun, but they also teach the students aboutthe of dinosaurs, how they found food, protected their habitat, survived threats, that kind of thing.And . . .I think that's all 1 have to tell you. Please feel free to askany if you would like to know anything else.Section 3T: Right, Sandra. You wanted to see me to get some feedback on your group's proposal. The one you're submitting for the Geography societyI've had a look through your proposal and I think it's a reallygood . In fact, I only have a few things to say about it, but evenin an like this you really have to be careful to avoidtypos and with in the proposal, and even in the contents . So read it through carefully before submitting it, okayS: Will do.T: And I've made a few on the proposal about things which could havebeen better .S: Okay.T: As for the writing itself, I’ve annotated the proposal as and whereI thought it could be improved. Generally speaking, I feel you've oftenused complex and long for the sake of it and as a consequence . . . although your paragraphing and inclusion of sub-headingshelp . . . it's quite hard to follow your train of thought at times. Socut them down a bit, can youS: ReallyT: Yes. And don't forget simple like .S: Didn't I useT: I didn't mean that. Look, you’ve remembered to include headers and footers, which is good, but listing clearly is.them or use bullet points, which is even clearer. Then you'll focus thereader on your .I thought your to go to the NavajoTribal Park was a very good .S: I've always wanted to go there. My father was a great of cowboyand the Wild West so I was subjected to seeing all the epics, many of whichwere shot there. As a consequence, it feels very familiar to me and it's awesome both geographically and usually, so it's somewhere I've always wanted to visit. The subsequent I did and the onlinemade me even keener.T: Interesting. Right, let’s look at the content of your proposal now.S: Did you find it comprehensive enoughT: Well, yes and no. You've listed several different on your contents , but I'm not sure they're all relevant.S: No Well, I thought that from the perspective of a, one thingI needed to focus on was the sandstone plat aux and themselves.the way they tower up from the is just amazing. The factthat the surrounding softer rocks were eroded by and rain, leavingthese outcrops high above the plain. It's hardly surprising thatflock to see the .T: Well, yes, I’d agree with including those points . . .S: And then the fact that it's been home to American Navajos and all the that goes with that. The hardships they enduredtrying to save their territory from the invading settlers. Theiris so rich - all those wonderful .T: Well, I agree it's interesting, but it's not immediately relevant toyour proposal, Sandra, so at this stage, I suggest you focus on other considerations. I think an indication of what the on thecould actually do when they get there should be far more so that certainly needs to be included and to be expanded upon. And I'd like tosee something about the , and vegetation too, notthat I imagine there’s much to see. Presumably the invasion hasn't helped.S: Okay, I ’II do some work on those two as well. But you're right, there's not much apart from some very shallow-rooted . Althoughit's cold and snowy there in the , the is baked so hardin the sun that can't penetrate. so it’s a case ofor , really.T: So, I understand. Now, before we look at everything in more ,I’ve got few factual for you. It would be a good idea to includethe in your finished proposal, because they're missing fromyour .S: Fine.T: so, you mentioned the monoliths and the spires, which was good, but what does the tribal park cover Do you knowS: hectares,and the plain is at about meters above sealevel.T: Larger than I expected. Okay. Where's the nearest That'sa practical that you haven't included. Have you done anyon thatS: Yes. There's nowhere to stay in the park itself, but there's an oldtrading post called Goulding quite near. AII kinds of start from Goulding, too.T: What kind ofS: Well, the most popular are in four-wheel jeeps - but I wouldn't recommend hiring those. I think the best way to appreciate the wouldn’t be to hire instead and trek around on those.Biking is not allowed and it's impossible to around thein private vehicles. The are too rough.T: Okay, lastly, what else is worth visiting thereS: There are several , but I haven’t looked into any . I'llfind out about them.T: Okay, good. Now what I'd like to know is . . .Section 4So, welcome to your introductory geography . We’ll begin withsome. Firstly what do we learn by studying geographyWell, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affectedand that continue to affect the earth's . But we learn far morethan that, because studying geography also informs us about the differentkinds of that develop between a particular and thepeople that live there.Okay. We like to think of geography as having two . There'sthe of the nature of our - its physical features, what itactually looks like - and then there's the of the ways in whichwe choose to live and of of those on our. Our current useof is a good example of that.But there are more specific study to consider too, and we’ll belooking at each of these in turn throughout this . These includebio-physical geography, by which 1 mean the study of theand all its living things. Then there's topography- that looks at theshapes of the land and. There's the study of political geographyand geography too, of course, which is the ofof people. We have geography - in which we examine all kinds ofand their use - agriculture, for example. Next comes historical geography- the understanding of how people and their and the waysthey interact have changed over a period of time -and geography,an aspect I'm particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the of , the that those provide, and of people to and from such . And lastly, we havecartography. That's the art and of . You'll bedoing a lot of that!So, to summarize before we continue, we now have our key answer . . .studying this subject is because withoutgeographical , we would know very little about our surroundingsand we wouldn't be able to all the thatrelate to them. so, by definition, we wouldn't be in an informedto work out how to solve any of them.…………………………………………………………………………………………..Okay, now for some practicalities. What do geographers actually do Well,we collect to begin with! You’ll be doing a lot of that on yourfirst ! How do we do this There are several means. We might, forexample, conduct a census - count a in a given perhaps.We also need of the earth’s which we can produce by meansof computer-generation or with the help of satellite relays.We've come a very long way from the early of the byships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.After we've gathered our, we must analyse it! We need to lookfor , most commonly those of causes and consequences. This kindof helps us to predict and resolve that could affect the we live in.But we don't keep all this confidential. We then need to publish our findings so that other people can it and be informed by it .And one way in which this can be published is in the of . You'll all have used one at some stage of your life already. Let's consider the benefits of from a geographer's perspective.( ) can be folded and put in a and can provide a great store of when they're collected into an. They can depict the physical features of the entire if necessary, or, just a small part of it in much greater . But there is a drawback. You can't exactly replicate something that is three-dimensional, like our, on a piece of paper, because paper has only two dimensions, and that means there’ll always be a certain of( ) on a . It can't be avoided.We can also use aerial . . . pictures taken by at high altitude above the . These are great for showing all kinds of geographical features that are not easy to see from the ground. You can easily illustrate of diseased trees or how much is on the roads at a given time or about deep sea beds, for example.Then there are Landsats. These are satellites that the and transmit visual to computers at receiving stations. They the several times a day and can provide a mass of –you’ll all be familiar with the they give us about the , for example.So, what we're going to do now is look at a short presentation in which you'll see all these tools.。