《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语Introduction: Grammatical Hierarchy (导论—语法层次)2. Parts of speech (word class)3. Phrases词组4. Clause分句5. Sentence句子1. Morpheme词素Free morpheme 自由词素Bound morpheme 粘附词素Allomorph 词素变体Noun phraseVerb phraseAdjective phraseAdverb phrasePreposition phraseConjunctionLecture 1 Sentence Structure（L1）Sentence elements:S (subject) 主语V (predicate verb)谓语动词O (object)宾语C (complement)补足语A (Adverbial)状语1. Two ways of sentence analysis1) SVOSentenceClauseNP VP NPSubject Predicate verb ObjectAll the man have done their best.Sentence = Subject + Predicate (Predicate Verb + Object, Complement, Adverbial, etc.)●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。

2) Subject + Predicate (= operator + predication)SentenceClauseSubject PredicateOperator PredicationAll the man have done their best.●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为操作词（operator）和述谓成分（predication）。

2. Basic clause typesSVC, SV, SV A, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SV oOLecture 2 Subject-Verb Concord （L2-3）Guiding principles:Grammatical Concord Notional Concord Principle of Proximity语法一致原则意义一致原则就近原则Nominal clause Non-finite clause Relative clause Cleft sentence Existential clause 名词性分句非限定分句关系分句分裂句存在句Lecture 3 Noun and Noun Phrase（L4-5）1. Classification of nounsPartitive (Unit Noun) 单位词 2. Cases of NounsNominative case / Subjective case （主格）Accusative case / Objective case （宾格 ）Genitive case （属格 ）/ Possessive case （所有格） Dative case （受事格/与格）Genitive caseGenitive cases specifying the reference of the noun phrase. Specific reference (特指) Generic reference （类指） Indefinite genitive phrase （非确定特指）Lecture 4 Determiner （L6-7）1. DefinitionDeterminers are function words which are used to determine or fix the reference of a noun.2. ClassificationIndependent GenitiveDouble Genitive3.ArticlesArticle is a major group of determiners used to delimit the scope of reference of nouns (主要用來限定名词的指称范围).Lecture 5 Pronoun（L8-9）1. ClassificationAntecedent 先行词2. The use of reflexive pronoun (-self)3. Pronoun reference (代词照应)前照应（Anaphoric reference）、后照应(Cataphoric reference)、语境照应(Situational reference)、人称照应(Personal reference)、指示照应(Demonstrative reference)Lecture 6 Verb and Verb Phrase（L10-22）1. Classification of verbs动词分类的标准有很多种，如上图所示，记住基本的术语和其用法就是。

比如及物动词、不及物动词、联系动词、助动词、动态动词、静态动词、词组动词、限定动词、非限定动词、不定式，不带to不定式（bare infinitive）等等，还有副词小品词（adverb particle）。

➢Transitive Verbs：followed by objects.➢Intransitive verbs：do not require an object.➢Linking verbs：followed by subject compliments.•SVO主—动—宾(Transitive verb)•SV oO主—动—宾—宾(Ditransitive verb)【双宾语动词】•SVOC主—动—宾—补(Monotransitive verb)【单宾语动词】•SV主—动(Intransitive verb)•SVC主—动—补(Linking verb)•This aspect is of essential importance because the verb type here determines the basic sentence structure of your sentence and how you can expand your sentence.2. Tense and aspectsTenseSimple present Simple past Simple future Past future Aspectprogressive 现在进行体过去进行体将来进行体过去将来进行体perfective 现在完成体过去完成体将来完成体过去将来完成体Perfective现在完成进行体过去完成进行体将来完成进行体过去将来完成进行体progressive4.Mood陈述式（Indicative mood）、祈使式（Imperative mood）、虚拟式（Subjunctive mood）5.Non-finite verbspp. 230-1 动态形容词（Dynamic Adjective）、静态形容词（Stative Adjective）p.251 前置修饰语（Premodifier）、p.256 悬垂分词（Dangling Participle）/无依着分词（Unattached participle）、依着法则（Attachment rule）Lecture 7 Adjective and Adverb（L23-24）1.1 Adjective & Adjective Phrase1.2 Adjective form1.3 Adjective meaning动态形容词、静态形容词、等级形容词、非等级形容词2.1 Adverb & Adverb Phrase (Adv P)2.2Adv form2.3 Adv Meaningp.274 修饰性状语（Adjunct）、评注性状语（Disjunct）、连接性状语（Conjunct）Lecture 8 Degree & Comparative Construction（L25）(比较等级和比较结构)1. Degree formsRegular degree forms of Adj & AdvPositive/absolute 原级Comparative比较级Superlative最高级Monosyllabic(单音节) Adj & Adv Synthetic(inflectional)综合(屈折)形式Adj-/Adv-er Adj/Adv-estPolysyllabic(多音节) Adj & Adv Analytic (phrasal)分析(词组)形式more Adj/Adv most Adj/AdvDisyllabic(双音节) Adj & Adv Synthetic or Analytic Adj-/Adv-ermore Adj/AdvAdj/Adv-estmost Adj/AdvNotes:(1) -ing and -ed participial Adj takes more ~ & most ~(2) Some irregular forms, e.g., far, good(3) Gradable indefinite Det & Prons: many/much, few, little2. Comparative construction3. General structure of Comparative constructionNotes:(1) More (less, fewer) can be Det or Pron:Model 2 accounted for more variance … than did Model 1. (Det)It appeared in more than 50% of the request e-mails. (Pron) (2) As & than are Conj or rarely Prep:John is taller than she (is). / John is taller than her.E.g. Apple is as tasty as tomato.Lecture 9 Statement, Question, Command & Exclamation （L27） (陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句)Sentence types 句子1. Statements2. Questions (Interrogative sentences): General (yes-no) questions, Special (Wh-) questions, Alternative questions, Tag questions (附加疑问句), Rhetorical questions (修辞疑问句)3. Commands and Exclamations4. Tag questions (pp.316-9) Transferred negation (否定转移)Lecture 10 Existential Sentence & It-Patterns （L28-29） （存在句和It-句型）1. Existential sentence存在句、实义主语（Notional Subject ）、真主语（Real subject ）、地点状语（Locative adverbial ）、时间状语（Temporal adverbial ）*p.326, 提及的非确定特指，冠词、数词等限定词，见限定词（Determiner ）一讲。