状语
不定式（to do） ● 过去分词（done）
● ●
●
● ●
● ●
● ●
非谓语动词可以做哪些句子成分？
成分 类别
主 语
√ √
宾 语
√ √
表 语
√ √ √
定 语
√ √ √
状 语
√ √ √
补 语
√ √ √
doing to do done

非谓语动词的时态和语态形式(以make为例)
语态与意义形 式与用法类别
非谓语动词有哪些形式？
时间 状态 主被动
to do
动词不定式 动名词
‘将来’ 一般 主动
doing
现在分词
‘现在’ 进行 主动
分词
done
过去分词
‘过去’ 完成 被动
非谓语动词可以做哪些句子成分？
宾语 主 定 所能充当的成分 表语 宾语 （主语） 语 语 补足语 动名词 ● V-ing 形式 现在分词 ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
√
3）With nothing _______ to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out. A. leaving B. left C. leave D. to leave
√
4）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes _______ on the wall. A. fixing B. fixed C. to be fixing D. to be fixed
√ √ √
如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致， 则在分词结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格。
• Class being over,the childen went home. • Nobody being in the room,I didn`t go in. • All the guests having arrived,the meeting was decleared open. • He went into the front door,his son following him.
(not) to be making
(not) to have made
进行式
完成式
现在分词作状语
1、逻辑主语和主句主语一致。 （不一致则要用独立主格或with复合结构） 分词 +‥‥‥,主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥. 2、时间、原因或条件，主句前；（不绝对） 分词+‥‥‥,主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥. 3、方式，伴随或结果，主句后；（不绝对） 主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥，分词 +‥‥‥. 4、同时发生，一般时； Doing +‥‥‥, 主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥. 5、明显在前，用完成时。 Having done+‥‥‥,主语 + 谓语 +‥‥‥.
动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主 语与主句的主语保持一致。
Choose the correct sentences.
1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it. 3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.
形 式
主动语态 被动语态
Ving
一般式 完成式
(not) making
(not) having made
(not) being made (not) having been made
(not) to be made nothing (not) to have been made
一般式
to do
(not) to make
独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing
（1） _______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. Being B. There being C. It being D. Having been 2、逻辑主语+V-ed （2）_________, the train started. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal C. The signal being given D. The signal giving 3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） （3）_____, the patient can leave the hospital. A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions （4） ______, we’d like to go outing. A. If Sunday is OK B. Sunday being OK C. Sunday OK D. A,B and C
√
√
√
√
1.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest. A. When you are praised B. Praised C. When praised D. all the above
√
2._____a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside. A. It being B. Being C. It was D. all the above
√
一、“with复合结构”的构成
with + 宾语 +
形容词 副词 名词 介词短语 v-ing 主动、进行 v-ed 被动、完成 to do 将要发生
1.with + 宾语 + 现在分词 （主谓关系） With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. 随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。 With the teacher standing beside， she felt a bit uneasy . 老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
2.with + 宾语 + 过去分词 （动宾关系） With the work done, she felt greatly relieved. 工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。 With his hair cut, he looks much younger.
理了头发，他显得年轻多了。
3.with + 宾语 + 不定式 （将要发生） With her to go with us, we're sure to have a pleasant journey. 有她和我们一起去，我们的旅途一定会很愉 快。 With Mr. Smith to teach them English next term, they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语 会大有提高。