2015年职称英语补全短文练习（一）What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean --millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. (1) We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. (2) Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. (3) Seaweed becomes food of many kinds-even candy, and ice cream — as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water.(4) But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. (5) Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.A Natural sponges become cleaning aids.B We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.C The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.D Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.E We even use their bones for fertilizer.F Some of its contents may cause illness.（二）Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. ⑵Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling.(3)Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. (4)(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.练习：A The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers，including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.D As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.E Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.F In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes，ships，trains，motorcoaches, car-rentals，and even car purchases.（三）Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.(1) They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing.(2) Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. (3) The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3,expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. (4) Management information systems and— effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk4，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protectiveaction to minimize their unfavorable effects5. (5) International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float,devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.A Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses.B One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments.C Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business.1D The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards.E Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especiallyaware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning.F Many international marketers go bankrupt each year because of exchange-rate fluctuation.（四）Development in Newspaper OrganizationOne of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ______(1)_______, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _______(2)________. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _______(3)______. A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _______(4)______. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ________(5)_______. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.A. to play an important role in newspaper operationsB. was the growth of telegraph servicesC. and they usually enjoy great prestigeD. they are usually operated by a single ownerE. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costsF. owned by a single person or organization（五）Bedwetting (尿床)Millions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It’s so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don’t tell their friends, so it’s easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. ___1___.The fancy name for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families. This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are asleep, there’s a good chance that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. __2__.The most important thing to remember is that no one wets the bed on purpose. It doesn’t mean that you’re lazy or a slob. __3__. For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladders is full and don’t wake up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that he’s in the bathroom peeing –only to wake up later and discover he’s all wet. May kids who wet the bed are very deep sleepers. ___4___.Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are dry on others. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend’s or a relative’s house. __5__. So the brain may be thinking, ―Hey, Don’t wet someone else’s bed! ‖ This can help you stay dry if you’re not aware of it.A. The good news is that almost all kids who wet the bed eventually stop.B. Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log—they just stay asleep.C. It’s something you can’t help doing.D. just like you may have inherited your mom’s blue eyes or your uncles’ long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too.E. That’s because kids who are anxious about wetting the bed may no sleep much or only ve ry lightly.F. But you are not alone.(六)Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancel However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. __________.(46)No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke. from other people’s cigarettes.__________ (47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past. scientists did not也ink that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker’s health. __________ (48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic(有毒的)chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It iS even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke.__________ (49)Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smokePeople are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. __________ (50)A Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C 111is smoke is called secondhand smoke.D However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people,old or young.E As a result,they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. .F In the United States,nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.（七）Caribbean IslandsWhat would you See if you took a cruise to the Cartbbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)?White beaches and clear，blue ocean?Colorful corals(珊瑚)and even more colorful fishes and birds?You bet There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea.They are famous for their warm，tropical climate and great natural beauty.The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of me Atlantic Ocean，Some of the islands were formed by the eruption(爆发)of ancient volcanoes(火山)______(46) The Caribbean Islands are known by several names._____(47)The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of ter,Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea_______(48)These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller.Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片)of exposed coral.You can see why pirates(海盗)such as the famous Blackbeard satled these waters._____(49) The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands.This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year______(50)A But 1ife Oil the Caribbean Islands iS not always painful.B The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies，later changed to the West Indies.C Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the oceanD They are Cuba，Puerto Rico，Jamaica，and Hispaniola.E Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.F There are countless smallislands to bury treasure or hide on.（八）A Heroic WomanThe whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, Ashley Smith, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind. (46)She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side. “I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week. The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlantacourthouse(法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent. (47) Nichols tied Smith up with tape, butreleased her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life. “I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn’t have a mummy,”she said. In order to calm the man down, she read to him from “The Purpose-Driven Life”,a best-selling religious book. He asked her to repeat a paragraph “about what you thought your purpose in lifewas-what talents were you given.”(48) “I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,”Smith said.Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her. “He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother,”she said. “And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people.”(49)She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道)of the police hunt for him. “I cannot believe that’s me,”Nichols told the woman. Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do. She said, “I think you should turn yourself in.If you don’t, lots more people are going to get hurt.”Eventually, he let her go. (50)A US$60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols’capture. Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有资格的)for that money.A The local police were searching for him.B Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter.C Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols.D She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave.E And the two of them discussed this topic.F Then she called the police.（九）You Need Courage!Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo (百事可乐公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment. .(46)So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students.., and talking, and talking. (47) He was now five minutes over, which dropped my timewith him down to 10 minutes. Decision time.I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. "You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 p.m." I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (过道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped. (48) Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath.He looked at the card and then at me. "Let me guess," he said. "You're Jeff." He smiled.(49) He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done. (50) When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't.A I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door.B As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him.C I became alarmed: his talk wasn't ending when it should have.D He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world.E I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class.F I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.（十）The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that _____(1)_____. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, ____(2)____. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape _____(3)_____. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids_____(4)____. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning_____(5)_____. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to b overcome.A for stone to use in modern buildingsB has made them less likely to fall into ruinC before they could begin to buildD because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE while building the pyramidsF they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet（一）答案与题解：1.E前面二句讲了我们从大海捕捉大量的鱼供人们食用，这句接着讲―甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥‖。