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5. To be or act as N e.g. She mothered the orphan. 1) nurse, boss, pilot, referee, captain e.g. Tom parroted what the boss had said. 2) ape, monkey, dog, wolf, kitten e.g. The police shadowed the suspected spy. 3) flood, ghost, mushroom, snowball
The word sometimes undergoes phonological change. e.g. conduct, permit; house, close
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The free interchange of a word from one part of speech to another is a significant feature of modern English. Very rich 10.5% Productive e.g. to plan a table---to table a plan to book a place---to place a book
transportation, arrangement belongings, climb-ascent; scatter-dissemination
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Semantic relation of v-n conversion
1. Stative verbs: ~of mind, ~ of sensation
It’s also called “derivation by zero suffix. e.g. attack us---- launch an attack on us invade us----launch an invasion on us
The word sometimes undergoes semantic change. e.g. mushroom
Conversion Affixation----prefixation
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Conversion
What is conversion? Types of conversion
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What is conversion?
Conversion is a word formation process whereby a word of certain part of speech is shifted to another part of speech without the addition of an affix.
The workers canned the apples. (bottle, floor, pocket, cage, shelve) 2. To give N or to provide with N They shelter the orphans. (coat, fuel, sugar, label, finance, oil, butter) 3. To remove N from Bill weeded the garden. (juice, dust, skin, peel) 4. To do …with N John braked the car. She fingered the silk. (screw, pump, nail, elbow, knife, x-ray, shoulder)
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Types of conversion: noun →verb; verb→noun
Noun to verb conversion: most productive Reasons:
More nouns than verbs in English
to radio, to zerox, to tape, to x-ray, to videotape
பைடு நூலகம்
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The second round of the boxing was exciting.
Any round plate will do. Some drivers round corners too rapidly. The sound goes round and round. He lives round the corner.
Fewer verb suffixes
be-, en-, -ify, -ize, -en; vacuumclean, housekeep
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Noun to verb conversion
Semantically related to the original nouns in a variety of ways. 1. To put in/on N
8. To spend a period of time denoted by N e.g. We summered in Qingdao. (holiday, vocation)
★ transitive ＆ intransitive
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Verb to noun
Not as numerous as nouns from verbs Reasons: suffix, -ing form, synonyms
6. To change or make…into N e.g. Please cash this cheque for me. (cripple, feature, orphan, fool, group)
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7. To send or go by N e.g. Will you please mail the parcel? (ship, telephone, telegraph) e.g. We bicycled to the Summer Palace. (ski, boat, motor)