(黑体皆为老师课件所示重点，前加# 为特别重要)美国1、Official name: The United States of America, (U.S.A.)2、Uncle Sam（山姆大叔）3、State Emblem州徽4、Bald Eagle白头鹰(bald[bɔ:ld] eagle['i:ɡl] )作为美国的国鸟，是俯瞰能力的象征。

白头鹰是美国国徽的主要图案，代表着勇猛、力量和胜利。

5、国花（rose）6、Capital city: New York7、The U.S. is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, Canada to the north, and Mexico to the south.8、land area :9.3 million square kilometers. the fourth largest country in the world there are 50 states in the United States9、The biggest mountain ranges : the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains10、Landscape风景，景色；山水画：Grand Canyon 科罗拉多河的大峡谷Yellowstone National Park黄石公园Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布Mount McKinley 麦金利雪山11、Population：298million(the year of 2006) The largest ethnic group is White people, which includes people of European, North African, and Middle Eastern descent, make up 81.7% of the population.Others include African American (12.9%), Asian American (4.2%)12、Official language: English13、The War of Independence (1775-1783)、、、、、、Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) The war of Independence came to an end in 1781 with the victory of North Americans, The Treaty of Paris巴黎条约was signed in 1783 and Britain had to recognize the independence of The United States.14、The Political System in the United States Articles of Confederation十三州邦联宪法（美国第一部宪法）Two main fears while writing the Constitution：1、one person or group might become too powerful or be able to seize control of the country.2、The new central government might weaken or take away the power of the state governments or to run their own affairs.Legislative ['ledʒislətiv] Branch立法部门：1、It consists of a Congress that is divided into two houses:The House of Representatives众议院The Senate参议院2、The main duty of the Congress：To make lawsExecutive [iɡ'zekjutiv]Branch行政部门：The chief executive of the United States is the president who is elected to a four-year term.Judicial Branch司法部门：It consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Most of these cases nvolved disputes over the interpretation of laws and legislation.15、Two major political parties:a. The Democratic Party民主党. (more liberal) Donkey b. The Republican Party共和党. ( conservative保守) Elephant16、Industrial RevolutionFive development in the United States:1、The introduction of the factory system. 2、The American system of mass production which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. 3. The application of the New technologies to industrial tasks.4. The emergency of new forms of business organization.5. The construction of railroads beginning in the 1830s, marked the start of a new era for the United States.17、The major American religions：1、Protestantism['prɔtistəntizəm] n. 新教；新教教义；新教徒: 60% 2、Catholicism[kə'θɔlisizəm]n. 天主教；天主教义: 25% 3、Judaism[ 'dʒu:deiizəm ]犹太教18、American holidays：New Year‘s Day January 1//////President‘s Day 华盛顿诞辰日Third Monday in February Memorial Day 阵亡将士纪念日（纪念日）Last Monday in May////////// Independence Day 独立日（国庆节）：July 4Labor Day 劳动日First Monday in SeptemberThanksgiving 感恩节Fourth Thursday in NovemberChristmas Day 圣诞节December 25▲The Declaration Stated“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”美国重点1、历史(黑体皆为老师课件所示重点，前加# 为特别重要)1607British First Settlement at James town, Virginia by London company1620Pilgrims land at Plymouth Mass In 1620, Mayflower Compact五月花号公约1765The Stamp Act---the heavy tax1774 The First Continental Congress1775 The Second Continental Congress The first shots were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts in 17751776 July 4 , Independent Day Common Sense：by Thomas Paine January, 1776it argued for independence from British rule# The Declaration of Independence：Thomas Jefferson. Defined the rights of the people of the independent states. On July 4，1776, it was approved. The birth of America.1787Constitutional Congress1789Washington became President at New York1803 Louisiana Purchase1848 Gold Rush in California , Westmovement Frontierism1865 Lincoln is Assassinated，1861-1865 American Civil War# Open Door Policy P336Roosevelt’s “New Deal”P3481942 VOA林肯的government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.2、制度Political System: federalism（联邦制）------meaning there is a division of powers between the federal government and the state government.The Separation of powers-------meaning there is also a division of powers among the three branches of the federal government.Bill of Rights 人权法案：the first 10 amendments to the lawthe Democratic Party 民主党& the Republican Party共和党Election Process :Five Stages1、The Primary初选（From Jan. to June）The National Conventions （July to August)全国代表大会campaign platform竞选纲领; candidates for president and vice president 总统候选人The Election Campaign 竞选活动(September to October)The Election Day 大选（the first Tuesday after the second Wednesday in December)Electors elect President /Casting the Electoral V otesElectoral College System选举团制{V oters 选民Electors 选举人}：538: 100（senators)+435(representatives)+3(WshingtonD.C.)，270 Electors are needed to win，2008 Obama got 2803、EDUCATION（无重点，仅了解）Ivy League Universities（常春藤联盟）Brown University Columbia University Cornell University Dartmouth College Harvard University University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Yale UniversityPresident Barack Obama and his wife both graduated from Harvard Law School4、economy# Industrial Revolution :There were two eras of industrial revolution in the 19th century. The first began in 1840’s when steam power came into use.The Second Industrial Revolution began in the early 1870’s, when electricity came into use.Reasons for Industrial Revolution :1、Some early decisions by American social and political leaders planted the seeds of industrial growth.2、A tariff high enough to discourage imports and give domestic industries time to grow3、.Other Hamiltonian measures gave great encouragement to business in general. 4、The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860.Development of industrial revolution{见上五点}President Barack Obama plans to nominate Chinese-American Commerce Secretary Gary Locke（骆嘉辉）as the new US ambassador to China to replace Jon Huntsman, who is mulling a White House bid.国旗The essential design of the American flag can be traced to a resolution passed by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1777。