2010年3月专八考前讲座 一、全国八级考试评分标准 1．TEM8英译汉评分标准 GRADE SCORE DESCRIPTION 5 10-9
(100-90) EXCELLENT TRANSLATION （优秀） The translation faithfully reflects all the original passage with only 1 or 2 minor lexical errors. It adequately reflects the style and tone of the original passage. The translation is elegant (appropriate choice of words, a variety in sentence patterns). 4 8-7
(89-80) GOOD TRANSLATION WITH FEW INACCURACIES （良好） The translation reflects almost all the original passage with relatively few significant errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is readable (generally clear, smooth and cohesive). 3 6-5 (79-65) PASSABLE TRANSLATION WITH SOME INACCURACIES （中等偏下） The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, for the most part, readable. 2 5-4 (65-60) INADEQUATE TRANSLATION WITH FREQUENT INACCURACIES （勉强及格） The translation only reflects about half of the original passage with frequent errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, in some parts, unreadable. 1 3-1
(<59) POOR TRANSLATION （不及格） The translation reflects less than half of the original passage. Almost all sentences contain errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, for the most part, unreadable. 2．TEM8汉译英评分标准 忠实（60%） 通顺（40%）
优秀 （90-100） 原文的信息全部转达，语气和文体风格与原文相一致。 句式处理恰当，选词妥帖，英语比较地道。 良好 （80-89） 除个别次要信息有疏漏外，原文的重要信息全部转达，语气和文体风格与原文相一致。 语言基本合乎英语规范。行文比较流畅。
中等 （70-79） 有少量理解错误或个别漏译，但主要精神与原文相一致。 有个别句子结构错误和词不达意现象。行文不够流畅。 及格 （60-69） 有个别重大错误或漏译。部分信息含混，但总体上基本达意。 有逐字硬翻，不符合英语表达习惯的现象。句子不连贯，比较费解。 不及格 （<59） 误译、漏译较多，不能转达原文主要精神。 有大量句法与用词错误。三分之一以上的句子生搬硬套、不知所云。
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级 二、专八英译汉的做题程序 第一步：快速浏览原文，理解文章大意和文体风格。遇到生词划线标示，过后仔细斟酌。 第二步：在脑中翻译初稿，边看边译。仔细斟酌措辞，将关键表达写在草稿纸上。 第三步：对初稿进行加工修改。对用词的准确性、句子的逻辑性、篇章的连贯性进行修改润色。 第四步：将译文写在答卷上，从头至尾再阅读一遍译文，凡有不顺之处，必定有理解问题，应再加以考虑。
三、高分译文要注意的五个问题; 1．避免对原文理解失误。
So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun. 理解错误：因此今天，我们向自己飞机周围薄如蝉翼的大气贝壳里泼洒了70百万顿全球
变暖污染，在那里面游泳，就像打开了暖气i。明天，我们会变本加利，倾注一点点更多——让我们为从太阳那里聚集更加强大的力量紧密团结起来吧！
sewer一词翻译集萃：下水道，排污口，垃圾场，储蓄罐，拉链，缝纫机，化粪池，张着嘴的海豹，开口的针，开放的种子，打开盖的马桶，搞破坏的裁缝，仰天的巨针等。
2．避免逐字死译。 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. 原译：歌剧是昂贵的：那样多是不可避免的。 改译：歌剧是昂贵的文化形式：那样昂贵是不可避免的。
He must loiter about country churches, attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals, and cope with the people in all their conditions, and all their habits and humors. 他一定要在教堂里消磨一下时光，参加纪念守护神节日的活动，逛逛集市，与村民们同庆他们的节日，和身世各异的人打交道，并了解他们的习惯和性情。
3．避免译文逻辑连贯失调。 We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency --- a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. In a way, D-Day sums up for us the whole of World War II. It was the frontal clash of two ideas, a collision between the possibility of human freedom and its nullification. Even now, we are still learning what to make of it, still trying to know whether we are dwarfed by the scale of such an effort or whether what happened that day still enlarges us. It certainly enlarges the veterans of Normandy and their friends who died in every zone of that war. It’s tempting to politicize the memory of a day so full of personal and national honor, too easy to allude to the wars of our times as if they naturally mirrored World War II. 今天我们回忆这一天，很容易将其政治化，因为那一天充满了个人的光荣和国家的荣耀，我们很容易将它和今天的战争联系起来，仿佛我们今天进行的战争自然可以和二战同日而语。
4．避免译文过于平淡，没有文采。 Where he faced us again, he was huge and handsome and conceited and cruel. 原译：再次面对我们时，他身材高大俊美，既自负也很冷酷。 改译：再次面对我们时，他已变得身材魁梧，相貌英俊，心高气傲，冷酷无情。
It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land. 绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，这日子是如此清新可爱。蜜蜂无言，花朵不语，海波声咽，大地沉寂，这日子是如此宁静。
5．避免炫耀译文文笔导致喧宾夺主。 Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 考生译文： a.智者不需隐居。 b.智者从不需遮遮掩掩的。 c.胜利者不需要伪装自己。 d.赢者不要装哭装笑，他们直面人生。
改译：成功者无须躲藏在面具后面。 They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable.