By notion 可划分为：1) Content word2) Functional word Content words are also known as notional words . (Content words 的别称)Functional words are also known as empty words, or form words. (Functional words 的别 称)Functional words possesses a characteristic of basic word stock, i.e. stability According to Stuart Robertson ,et al (1957),* (年年考试必考) the nine functional words , namely ,and , be , have , it , of , the , to , will ,you
要记住以上四句话中的关键词： 1) influenced by Romans2) Pronunciation changed3) early scribes4) borrowing 你能不能举出外来语对英语发音,拼写造成不一致的例子有哪些？ e.g. stimulus (L) ,fiesta (Sp) ,eureka (Gr), kimono (Jap) 外来语对英语造成的最大的影响就是‘sound and form ’不一致。
What are the characteristics of basic word stock?1) All national
character2) Stability3) Productivity4) Polysemy5) Collocability
要把握住‘All national character’词,就是和我们日常生活息息相关的，最普通词 稳定性是基本词的一个很大特点，请你举例说明？ e.g. man, woman , fire, water „e.g. machine, video, telephone „e.g. bow, cha riot , knightStability is relative, not absolute.
languages the same concept can be represented bydifferent sounds.
What is relationship between sound and form?
1)The written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form, such as English language.2)This is fairly true of English in its earliest stage i.e. Old English3)With the development of the language, more and more differences occur between the two.
What is native words?
Answer : (1) By origin, English words can be classified into native words and borrowed words.(2) Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, thus know asAnglo-Saxon words. (3) Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are small in number ,amounting to rough 50,000 to 60,000, but they form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language
What is the relationship between sound and meaning?
1)There is ‘no logical relationship between the sound and actual thing.e.g. dog.
cat2)The relationship between them is conventional.3) In different
英语词汇学
Introduction
Lexicology 这门课是哪一种学科的分支?lexicology is a branch of linguistics. Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系:1)Morphology 2) Semantics 3) Stylistics 4) Etymology 5) Lexicography
Chapter 1
What is word ?词具有哪些特点？词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。 1) A word is a minimal free form of a language;2) A sound unity or a given sound 3) a unit of meaning;4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. 以上词的四个特点也就是词的名词解释 词的分类（classification of a word）词根据发音可以分为哪两种词？或者 说词根据拼写可以分为哪两类词？ 1) simple words 2) complex words单音节词例子：e.g. Man and fine are simple 多音节词例子：e.g. Management, misfortune, blackmail management 可以次划分为manage 和–ment misfortune 可以次划分为mis- 和 fortune blackmail 可以划分为 black 和 mail
什么叫borrowed words? Answer: (1) words taken over from foreign languages are know as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms.(2) It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary (3) The English language has vast debts In any dictionary some 80% of the entries are borrowed. 什么叫Denizens? Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. In other words they have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, such as port from portus (L).‘Denizens’的例子都要记：Port from portus (L), cup from cuppa (L),shift from skipta (ON), shirt from skyrta (ON), change from changier (F), pork from porc (F). 什么叫Translation-loans ? Translation-loans are words and expressions formed form the existingmaterial in the English language but
What is vocabulary?
Vocabulary refers to the total number of the words
in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular
historical period.Vocabulary also refers to all the words of a given
What are the great changes that causes illogical relationship or irregularity between sound and form?1) The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter tore present each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.2) Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn farapart.3) A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.4) Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary.