More complex sentences
• The focal point of any investigation of animal disease is the making of a diagnosis, and the critical part in making that decision is the clinical examination of the individual animal or group of animal. Therefore, it is appropriate that the first part of title deal with this important subject.
Experimental description
• • • • Description of experiment Test and equipment Experimental procedure Materials and methods
Results and discussion
• • • • • • • The results are shown in table 1. The test results presented in fig.2 show… From …, we now conclude… We have demonstrated in this paper… The results of the experiment indicate… In conclusion, the results show… Finally, a summary is given of …
Lesson 7
Renal function and micturition
Furthermore, the composition of the urine can be varied, and many homeostatic regulatory mechanisms minimize or prevent changes in the composition of the ECF by changing the amount of water and various specific solutes in the urine. From the renal pelvis, the urine passes to the bladder and is expelled and is expelled to the exterior by the process of urination, or micturition. The kidneys make prostaglandins and kinins, and they are also endocrine organs, secreting renin and renal erythropoietic factor and forming 1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol.
How to classify and select useful sentence patterns stating primary objectives
How to write the introduction
• • • • Point out the major works-----------what Propose the research fields----------where Show the goals and results-----------why Indicate the plans of writing---------how
SARS etc. et al.
Sentence structures
More indicative sentences
Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing findings — this is all the works of science. Distillation is helpful to separating water from dissolved salts and other substances. Generally speaking, neither gold nor stone are soluble in water.
More short form sentences led by “as”
• • • • For example: As have stated above As in figure 3 As the illustration shows As follows
More passive voice
More imperative sentences
• Fill in a tube with cold water, and then heat the tube to 100℃. • Now let K equal to zero, then we obtain the following equation.
临床兽医学专业英语
Specialized English in Clinical Veterinary Medicine
授课教师:唐兆新教授 授课时间:2006年9月-2007年1月
Lesson 7
Renal function and micturition
In the kidneys,a fluid that resembles plasma is filtered through the glomerular capillaries into the renal tubules (glomerular filtration). As this glomerular filtrate passes down the tuhules, its volume is reduced and its composition altered by the processes of tubular reabsorption (removal of water and solutes from the tubular fluid ) to form the urine that enters the renal pelvis. A comparison of the composition of the plasma and an average urine specimen illustrates the magnitude of some of these changes and emphasizes the manner in which wastes are eliminated while water and important electrolytes and metabolites are conserved.
Acknowledgements
• … wishes to express his sincere appreciation to… for… • … thank… for… • … is grateful to for… • We wish express our thanks to… • Thanks are due to… for… • This work was supported in part by… • Support by … is gratefully acknowledged. • Acknowledgement is made to …for…
• This article examines recent methods for measuring reactive oxygen species produced in isolated mitochondria and within live cells, with particular emphasis on the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Protocols for reliable measurements of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide are presented, while the advantages and pitfalls of these and other methods are discussed.
• The suggestion on …..was given by…however… • The experiment on…was carried by… • The research on…was made by… • The results made by…have shown… • Recent experiments by…have suggested… • The previous work on … has indicated…
Part I How to Make Use of the Linguistic Features of Scientific Papers
Vocabulary---basic elements
Typically professionalized terms--Specifically concentrated meaning--Absorb----take in Observe---look at
Highly proportional Latin and Greek words
Analysis Stimulus Focus Formula Antenna Nucleus Symposium microhydroautomulti-graph -logy -sis
Usually used compound words