2008高考英语知识串讲第1讲一、Language Points1. sharev.分享、合用：share sth with sbn. 一份，股份 spare a. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tirev. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/spare one of sandwiches for the boyspare no efforts ：不遗余力spare no expense ：不惜工本save v. 节省，救出2. He felt lucky to have survived the war.3. with sb about/over sth ：和某人就某事争论 argue for/against sth ：赞成/反对… Sb into/out of (doing) sth ：说服某人做/不做某事4. have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+宾+宾补(do/doing/done) get sb to do sth have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done) 5. So+同一主语+助动词 So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语 So it is/was with+另一主语6. should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done7. except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clause besides/in addition apart from but for=without8. The first time+从句 For the first time ：作时间状语 It ’s the first time+that-clause(完成时) the first+名词+to do9. most most of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the) mostly: 主要地（状） 10. be equal to sth ：与…相等 be equal to (doing) sth ：胜任(做)某事 equal sth ：与…相等 equal sb in sth ：在…方面与某人匹敌 11. compar e …to/with … compared to/wit h … 12. a great many several/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.) (many) dozens of a great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.) seveal/two dozen of +pron. 13. much too+adj/adv(原级) too much+n.(u.) too many+n.(pl.) 14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意) sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划) break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发)occur(与happen 通用) It occurs to sb that/to d o …：某人突然想起… 15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase to do ：表将来 With+宾+宾补 doing ：表正在进行 Done ：表过去16. 强调句型的判断方法：如果将句子中的“it be ”和“that ”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。
例： It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.二、语法专题──名词的考点 1. 考查可数名词和不可数名词，尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词。
2. 考查名词的格，即 ’s 所有格，of 所有格或双重所有格。
3. 名词作定语。
4. 名词及名词短语的辨析。
5. 名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配。
三、题型归纳──辨析型单项填空 1. 名词的辨析名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别，如parent 指父亲或母亲，而parents 指父母双亲；people 指人们，而a people 指民族。
其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别，如: exercise 指锻炼；而exercises 指练习题或练习操；再次，注意同义名词或近义名词的区别，如:: event 指发生的重大事件、体育项目；incident 指偶发事件；而accident 指意外事件。
最后还要注意近形词的区别，如: cloth 指布；cloths 指各种不同用途的布；clothes 指衣服(复数)，clothing 衣服(总称)。
2. 动词的辨析对于动词的辨析，首先要了解动词的及物与不及物，如: reply 意为“回答，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to, 此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词。
其次是要弄清动词的词义区别，如: advise 与persuade, 前者指劝说、劝告，强调过程；而后者指说服，强调结果。
最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法：动词的v-ing 形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作；v-ed 形式表示完成或被动；to do 形式表示即将进行的动作等。
3. 形容词、副词的辨析对于形容词、副词，一是要注意近义词间的区别，如: clever 指对问题处理的圆滑；bright 指对问题的反应快；wise 指选择的正确等。
此外，如wide 与broad; strong 与powerful; interesting 与interested; exciting 与excited 等。
二是注意同形的形容词和副词，如: close 作形容词时意为“亲密的”；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢”。
三是注意同根副词的区别，如: hard 与hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不。
四是注意副词形式的形容词，如: friendly, lovely, lively 实际上是形容词，切不可当作副词使用。
五是注意形容词的位置区别，如: present+n.与n.+present ，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的。
4. 介词的辨析对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如: across, through, past, over 为动作介词，across 强调从表面横过，越过；through 强调从空间穿过；past 强调从侧面、旁边经过；over 强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等。
此外，如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for 的区别。
5. 连词的辨析连词的区别主要在于：一是连词的意义，如：when, while 与as; because, since 与for; whether 与if; though, as 与although 等。
二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如： every/each time; the first/secon d …time; the moment; the minute 等，它们都可作连词，连接从句。
三是注意副词转化而成的连词，如: directly, immediately, instantly 等。
四是注意连词的词序，如: only if 与if only, 前者意为“只要”，后者意为“要是…就好了”。
6. 代词的辨析代词的辨析包括不定代词，如: other, others, the other, the others, another 等；人称代词，如: one, it, that 等和关系代词，如: which 与that; which 与as; whose 与prep.+which/whom 等。
1. Does the teacher____ you to go home this weekend? A. allow B. consent C. agree D. approve 2. After the big fire, the house was completely____. A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. spoiled 3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest____. A. living B. alive C. lively D. live4. ____ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.A. Tiring withB. Tiring ofC. Tired withD. Tired of5. It ’s necessary to have some____ knowledge for this job. A. electric B. electrical C. elctron D. electricity6. The photo____ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year. A. hang B. hanging C. hung D. hanged7. On New Year ’s Day, people, especially girls, always wear new____-new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes. A. clothes B. clothing C. cloth D. cloths8. He stays up____ in the evenings to go online to get the____ information.A. late, latestB. lately, lastC. late, lastD. latest, latest 9. ____ is it to ask her about her about that? She doesn ’t know it either. A. What good B. How good C. What a good D. How much good 10. ____ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake. A. Hardly B. Directly C. mostly D. Nearly11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has become___ her?A. fromB. ofC. intoD. / 12. Who do you think will be allowed____ there tomorrow? A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship___ the sea. A. in B. across C. from in D. across from 14. You wil find what great benefit the computer you own can be____ each time you use it to help you work. A. for B. of C. at D. on15. I thought he was not____ of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school. A. something B. anything C. somebody D. anybody16. We ’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no____ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection17. ____ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years.A. Tens of thousands ofB. Tens upon thousands ofC. Tens in thousandsD. Ten thousands of18. The farmers plan to produce three times____ in the year before last to meet the increasing need of the people.A. of crop as much this year asB. as much crop this year asC. as more crop this year asD. much crop this year than19. I think the house is____ large for a family of four people and the price is very reasonable. A. too B. rather C. fairly D. a little 20. His mother dislikes him, for he____ lies. A. tells B. is always telling C. has told D. always told 1-5 ABBDB 6-10 BBAAB 11-15 BBDBB 16-20 BABCB第2讲一、Language points1.sb./sth.+to do consider(以为，认为)＋ sb./sth.+as that-clause n. consider(考虑)＋ doing疑问词+to do sth “把…当作…”的译法：conside r …as=think of/look on/take/regard/treat/hav e …as 2. to do A way+ of doing(that/in which)+定语从句 A method of doing sthby this means You can solve the problem+ with this method in this wayby means of:通过…方式，以…手段 by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式 by all means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请 by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装） 3. protect …(from) doing sthprevent/stop …(from) doing sth keep …from doing keep …doingunder the potection of … 4. as well as well asmight/may as well=had better 5. to do specially+ for-phrase especially6. along the river:沿着河流 over the river:在河的正上方 through the forest:穿过森林 by the river:在河边 在河岸上7. follow the instructions follow one ’s advice as follows8. be responsible to sb for sth 9. n.doing/to do sth sb to do sth prefer+ sth to sthdoing A to doing Bto do A rather than do sth that sb (should) do sth10. n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another 一个接一个（强调动作的重复）n. +by +n.: 一个接一个（强调动作的变化） tree after tree/day by day 11. say “hi ” to sb.Please remember me to sb. 向“某人”问好 Send my regards to sb. Send the best wishes to sb. 12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。