学习必备欢迎下载高中英语语法1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。
7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
1.During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class aregirls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test hasnot been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下：A.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day.B.复合谓语：①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.C.D.teacher, Mrs. Wang, oftenrailway workers, are busytwo days off 写作技能提升 早睡早起将对我们的健康有好） （he failed ）the two tall buildings, stand, ） 都很有帮助。
（what we are be of great help to, our life）15.你认识Tomnext to）16.尽早把他送到距你家（17.我们有一个能容下3000厅。
（C.注意状语的顺序。
18.homework, in thethat moment）19.）QQ329950885（will,）那家超市。
（frequently, the ）（always, helping）时候都不能那样对待老人。
）（one, never, too old to答案：练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
1.During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.（名词）2.We often speak English in class.（代词）3.One-third of the students in this class aregirls.（数词）4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短语）5.Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）6.The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an Englishtest has not been decided.（主语从句）8.It is necessary to master a foreignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）9.That he isn’t at home is not true. (主语从句，that不能省略)10.T here comes the bus. (副词不能作主语，本句为倒装句，名词the bus作主语) 11.B eyond the village lies a small village. (介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的名词短语)12.N ow comes your turn. （副词不能作主语，主语是后面的名词）练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。
1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词/形容词，这样的分词已形容词化了）5.Three times seven is twenty-one.（数词）6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby（爱好）is playing footbal l.（动名词）8.The machine must be under repairs.（介词短语）9.The truth is that he has never beenabroad.（从句）练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。
1.They planed many trees yesterday.（名词）2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) Ihave five.（数词）3.the old with their houseworkyesterday.4.I wanted to buy a car.（不定式短语）5.I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）6.I think that he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当。
1.His father named him Dongming.（名词）2.They painted their boat white.（形容词）3.Let the fresh air in.（副词）4.You mustn’t force him to lend his moneyto you.（不定式短语）5.We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）6.We found everything in the lab in goodorder.（介词短语）7.We will soon make our city what your cityis now.（从句）8.I want your homework done on time.(过去分词短语)练习5.口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.lies；介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的a small village。