0 工程热力学绪论
Application Areas of Thermodynamics
Commonly encountered in many engineering systems and aspects of our life.
石化公司
Solar hot water system
Application Areas of Thermodynamics
The conservation of energy principle
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.
能量既不会产生,也不会消 失;它只会从一种形式转化 为另一种形式。
Basic principles of thermodynamics
What is Thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics Therme + dynamis (in Greek) Thermo + Dynamic(s) (in English)
(heat) + (power)
the science of energy
热力学是一门研究能量、能量转换以及与能量转换有关的物 质性质之间相互关系的科学。
理想化方法
体系状态变化过程的理想化:可逆过程 (revቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrsible process) 客观世界不存在可逆过程,是一种科学的抽象,实际过程 只能无限趋近可逆过程。
体系热力学性质的理想化:理想化体系 (ideal system) 理想气体、理想气体混合物和理想溶液 为解决真实体系提供简便的方法,起着纽带和桥梁的作用。
• 工程热力学
作者: 毕明树,冯殿义,马连湘 化学工业出版社 2008
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Reference Books
• 工程热力学
作者: 沈维道,童钧耕 高等教育出版社 2007
Reference Books
• 化工热力学
作者: 张乃文,于志家 大连理工大学出版社 2014
作者: J. M. Smith H. C. Van Ness M. M. Abbott 出版社: McGraw-Hill Education 2005
Reference Books
Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics 作者: S. I. Sandler 出版社: John Wiley & Sons 1999
状态函数法
状态函数的变化只和体系的初始和终了状态有关,和途 径无关。
热力学第一、第二以及第零定律(热平衡定律)抽象出内 能(U)、熵(S)和温度(T)三个基本的状态函数。
状态函数法给计算一些实际问题提供了简捷的方法,是 以热力学第一定律、第二定律为基础的热力学理论的必 然方法。
Study Method
The term thermodynamics was first used in a publication by Lord Kelvin in 1849.
The first thermodynamic textbook was written by William Rankine in 1859 , a professor at the University of Glasgow.
Content
⚫ Basic laws of thermodynamics ⚫ Properties of a substance ⚫ Process and cycle in a typical equipment ⚫ Optimization of energy ⚫ Phase equilibrium and chemical equilibrium
Your grade: • 80% from final exam; • 10% from attendance and assignments • 10% from experiments
教学要求
• 课堂纪律 • 课外作业 • 实验环节 • 期末考试
听,看,想 独立完成 考核依据之一 严格要求
The first and second laws of thermodynamics emerged simultaneously in the 1850s, primarily out of the works of
William Rankine
Rudolph Clausius
Lord Kelvin
Study Method
数学演绎法
以热力学定律作为公理,应用于物理化学体系中的相 变化和化学变化等过程,通过严格的逻辑推理,得到 许多必然性的结论。
热力学基本定律定义了最基本的状态函数(U, S, T), 并得到了几个表达基本定律意义的方程式和不等式, 经过数学演绎,得到适用某类问题的结论。
Text Book
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Course Requirements
48h in class & 12h for experiments
• Attending all classes • Paying attention to every lessons • Taking lecture notes • Completing assignments
Study Method
The Essence of Thermodynamics 热力学的基本方法
The State Functions (状态函数法) The Idealization (理想化方法) The Mathematical Illation (数学演绎法)
Study Method
Reference Books
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
作者: Y. A. Cengel M. A. Boles 出版社: McGraw-Hill Education 2010
Reference Books
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
热量自动地沿着温度下降的 方向传递。
Brief History of Development
Thermodynamics did not emerge as a science until the first successful steam engines in England by Thomas Savery in 1697 and Thomas Newcomen in 1712.
The second law of thermodynamics
Energy has quality as well as quantity, and actual processes occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy.
Heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature.
工程热力学主要研究热能与机械能和其他能量之间相互转换 规律及其应用的基础学科,是热力学最先发展的一个分支。
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Basic principles of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics
工程热力学
Engineering Thermodynamics
绪论
Introduction
• What is Thermodynamics? • Basic principles of thermodynamics • Brief History of Development • Application Areas of Thermodynamics • Study Method • Text Book & Reference Books • Course Requirements