Outline2012.5Chapter 0●Basic elements of communication systems (p.2) ●Primary communication resources (p.3) ●The mobile radio channel (p.18) ●Block diagram of digital communication system (p.22) ●Shannon ’s information capacity theorem (p.23-24)Chapter 1●Definition and basic concepts of random process ●Stationary and non-stationary ●Mean, correlation, and covariance functions, the mean-square value and variance ●The concept of ergodic process ● Transmission of a random process through a linear time-invariant filter ⏹ ⎰∞∞--=τττd t X h t Y )()()( ⏹ The mean, autocorrelation function, and mean-square value of Y ●Power spectral density ⏹ Definition (Equ. 1.38) ⏹ Input-output relation (Equ. 1.39) ⏹ Einstein-Wiener-Khintchine relations (Equ. 1.42, 1.43) ⏹ Properties ●Gaussian process (Equ. 80) ●Concept of white noise ●Representation of narrowband noise ⏹ The canonical form (Equ. 1.100) ⏹ Properties of the in-phase and quadrature components (p. 65-66) ⏹ Representation using envelop and phase components (Equ. 1.105-1.107) ⏹ Basic concepts of Rayleigh distribution and Rician distribution ● Uncorrelated and statistically independent (p.58)⏹ Uncorrelated: Covariance is 0⏹ Statistically independent: defined by joint probability density functionChapter 2● Concepts of amplitude modulation and angle modulation (FM and PM) ● AM⏹ AM signal (Equ. 2.2 and Fig. 2.3), and the amplitude sensitivity k a⏹ Conditions of correct detection (p. 90)⏹Spectrum of AM wave (Equ. 2.5 and Fig. 2.4)⏹Transmission bandwidth B T = 2W⏹Virtues and limitations of AM●Linear modulation schemes⏹The general form (Equ. 2.7)⏹DSB◆DSB signal (Equ. 2.8 and Fig. 2.5)◆Spectrum of DSB wave (Equ. 2.9 and Fig. 2.6)◆Coherent receiver◆Basic knowledge of costas receiver◆Basic concept of quadrature-carrier multiplexing⏹Basic concepts of SSB and VSB●Concepts of mixer (Fig. 2.16)●Concepts of FDM●Definitions of angle modulation●FM⏹ A nonlinear modulation process⏹Single-tone FM modulation◆Definitions of ∆f, β◆Basic knowledge of narrowband and wideband FM⏹Transmission bandwidth◆Carson’s rule (Equ. 2.55)◆Know the universal curve⏹Demodulation◆Frequency demodulation (a direct method) (Fig. 2.30)◆Know phase-locked loop (an indirect method)●Definitions of SNR’s⏹(SNR)I, (SNR)O, and (SNR)C⏹Figure of merit (Equ. 2.81)●Comparison of figure of merits between DSB-SC (Equ. 2.88) and AM (Equ. 2.95) ●Basic concepts of threshold effect of AM (p.138) and FM systems (p.149) Chapter 3●Sampling⏹Definitions of the sampling period and sampling rate⏹Instantaneous sampling and the ideal sampled signal (Equ. 3.1-3.3, Fig. 3.2)⏹Derivation of the interpolation formula (Equ. 3.4-3.9)⏹The sampling theorem and definitions of Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval⏹The methods of combat aliasing effect (p.187)●PAM⏹The difference between PAM and natural sampling⏹The concept of “sample and hold”⏹The PAM signal (Equ. 3.10-3.19)⏹The aperture effect●Know PPM and PDM●Quantization⏹Quantization noise and (SNR)O of a uniform quantizer (Equ. 3.25-3.33)●PCM⏹Basic concepts◆Discrete in both time and amplitude◆Sampling, quantizing, and encoding⏹Non-uniform quantizers◆μ-law and A-law◆Piecewise linear approximation to the companding circuit⏹Five types of line codes and their waveforms⏹Differential encoding⏹Noise in PCM systems◆Know that noise including channel noise and quantization noise, and thatperformance is essentially limited by the quantization noise●Concepts of TDM (Fig. 3.19)●Know the basic concept of digital hierarchy (p.214) and that the basic rate is 64kbps●Concepts of DM and delta-sigma modulation●Concepts of linear prediction and linear adaptive prediction●DPCM and its processing gain (Equ. 3.82)Chapter 4●Two sources of bit errors: ISI and noise●Matched filter⏹Frequency response (Equ. 4.14) and impulse response (Equ. 4.16)⏹Properties: the peak SNR dependents only on signal energy-to-noise psd ratioat the filter input●Error rate due to noise⏹Derivation of Equ. 4.35⏹The complementary error function (Equ. 4.29)⏹The result with equiprobable input signals (Equ. 4.38-4.40)●The baseband data transmission system model (Fig. 4.7 and Equ. 4.44-4.48)●Nyquist’s criterion⏹The Nyquist’s criterion (p.262)⏹The ideal Nyquist channel (Equ. 4.54-4.56 and Fig. 4.8, 4.9)⏹Raised cosine spectrum (Equ. 4.59, Fig. 4.10)◆The definition of α and the bandwidth B T●Correlative-level coding (partial response signaling)⏹Duobinary signaling (class I partial response)◆Basic concepts (Fig. 4.11, 4.13, Equ. 4.66, 4.71)◆The concept of decision feedback◆Error-propagation and precoding⏹Generalized form of correlative-level coding●Baseband M-ary PAM transmission (Equ. 4.84)●ADSL (Fig. 4.26)●Optimum linear receiver⏹For linear channel with both ISI and noise⏹The MMSE receiver (Equ. 4.110 and Fig. 4.27)●Adaptive equalization⏹The LMS algorithm (Equ. 4.114, 4.115)⏹The basic concept of decision-feedback equalization (Fig. 4.32)Chapter 5●Geometric representation of signals (Equ. 5.5-5.7 and Fig. 5.3)⏹The vector form (Equ. 5.8) and definitions of length, Euclidean distance, andangle⏹Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure●Conversion of the continuous AWGN channel into a vector channel⏹Basic formulations (Equ. 5.28-5.34)⏹The vector representation represents sufficient statistics for detection●Log-likelyhood functions for AWGN channel (Equ. 5.51)●Maximum likelihood decoding⏹The concept of signal constellation⏹The maximum likelihood rule (Equ. 5.55), for AWGN channel, the rule isEqu. 5.59 and 5.61●Equivalence of correlation and matched filter sampled at time T●Probability of error⏹Know the invariance to rotation and translation⏹The concept of the minimum energy signals⏹Know how to use union bound to derive a upper bound (p. 332 – 335) (Equ.5.89)⏹Know that there is, in general, no unique relationships between symbol errorprobabilities and BERChapter 6●Basic concepts of keying and ASK, FSK, and PSK●The relationship between baseband and passband power spectral density (Equ.6.4)●Bandwidth efficiency (Equ. 6.5)●The passband transmission model●Coherent PSK⏹BPSK◆Basic definitions (Equ. 6.8-6.14, Fig. 6.3)◆Error probability (Equ. 6.20)⏹QPSK◆Basic definitions (Equ. 6.23-6.27)◆Error probability (Equ. 6.34, 6.38)◆Generation and detection (Fig. 6.8)⏹M-PSK◆Basic definitions (Equ. 6.46)◆Bandwidth efficiency◆Know that the power spectra of M-PSK has no discrete frequencycomponent●M-QAM⏹Basic definitions (Equ. 6.53-6.55)⏹QAM square constellations (Fig. 6.17)●Coherent FSK⏹Coherent BFSK◆Basic definitions (Sunde’s FSK) (Equ. 6.86-6.91, Fig. 6.25)◆Error probability (Equ. 6.102)◆Know that the power spectra of BFSK has discrete frequencycomponents⏹MSK◆The concept of CPFSK◆The concept of MSK◆The phase trellis◆Signal-space diagram (Fig. 6.29)◆Error probability (Equ. 6.127)⏹Bandwidth efficiency of M-FSK signals●Noncoherent receivers (Fig. 6.37)●The reason of envelop detection (Fig. 6.38)●Error probability of noncoherent receiver (Equ. 6.163)●Noncoherent BFSK⏹Receiver structure (Fig. 6.42)⏹Error probability (Equ. 6.181)●DPSK⏹Basic concepts (Fig. 6.43, 6.44)⏹Error probability (Equ. 6.184)●Comparison of digital modulation schemes⏹Relationship among the error probabilities (Table 6.8 and Fig. 6.45)⏹Bandwidth efficiencies of M-PSK, M-QAM, and M-FSK。