京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics相声cross talk 刺绣embroidery苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china唐三彩Tang Tricolor pottery 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism 墨家Mohism 法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 老子Lao Tzu 庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu象形文字pictographic characters文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms《西游记》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文eight-part essay五言绝句five-character quatrain 七言律诗seven-character octave 旗袍cheongsam中山装Chinese tunic suit 唐装Tang suit风水Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历Solar calendar 阴历Lunar calendar 闰年leap year 十二生肖zodiac春节the Spring Festival 元宵节the Lantern Festival 清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节the Double-ninth Day 七夕节the Double-seventh Day 春联spring couplets 庙会temple fair 爆竹firecracker年画（traditional) New Year pictures压岁钱New Year pocket money 舞龙dragon dance元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 元宵节the Lantern Festival花灯festival lantern 灯谜lantern riddle 舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon boat race 胡同hutong山东菜Shandong cuisine 川菜Sichuan cuisine 粤菜Canton cuisine 扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine 月饼moon cake 年糕rice cake油条deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆soybean milk 馒头steamed buns花卷steamed twisted rolls 包子steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck 拉面hand-stretched noodles 馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup) 豆腐tofu? bean curd 麻花fried dough twist 烧饼clay oven rolls皮蛋pidan 蛋炒饭fried rice with egg 糖葫芦tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot长城the Great Wall of China 烽火台beacon tower秦士台皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山"Wutai Mountain 九华山Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山Mount Tai 黄山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain故宫the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple of Heaven 午门Meridian Gate 大运河Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall居庸关Juyongguan Pass九龙壁the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵the Ming Tombs 苏州园林Suzhou gardens 西湖West Lake九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼drum tower四合院quadrangle; courtyard complex 孔庙Confucius Temple乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama转世灵重reincarnated soul boy 中药traditional Chinese medicine《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine《神农本草经》Shennong’s Herbal Classic 《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica 针灸acupuncture 推拿medical massage 切脉feeling the pulse五禽戏five-animal exercises 旧石器时代the Paleolithic Age新石器时代the Neolithic Age; New Stone Age 母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society 封建的feudal 朝代dynasty 秦朝Qin Dynasty 汉朝Han Dynasty 唐朝Tang Dynasty 宋朝Song Dynasty 元朝Yuan Dynasty 明朝Ming Dynasty 清朝Qing Dynasty秦始皇皇帝Emperor Qinshihuang; 皇太后Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty 成吉思汗Genghis Khan春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period 文成公主Tang Princess Wencheng 慈禧太后Empress Dowager Ci Xi 皇帝，君主emperor; monarch 诸侯vassal皇妃imperial concubine 丞相，宰相prime minister 太监court eunuch 少数民族ethnic minority 祭祀offer sacrifices 西域the Western Regions 战国the Warring States中华文明Chinese civilization 文明的摇篮cradle of civilization秦始皇统一中国unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang 鸦片战争the Opium War太平天国the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 戌戌变法the Reform Movement of 1898 辛亥革命the 1911 Revolution新民主主义革命New-democratic Revolution 五四运动the May 4th Movement of 1919 南昌起义Nanchang Uprising918 事变September 18th Incident 长征the Long March 西安事变Xi"an Incident 南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre抗日战争the War of Resistance Against Japan 毛泽东Mao Tse-tong 孙中山Sun Yat-sen 蒋介石Chiang Kai-shek 国民党Kuomingtang中华人民共和国the People’s Republic of China (PRC) 满族Manchu 蒙古人Mongol士大夫scholar-officials 学者scholar 诗人poet政治家statesman社会地位social status。