典型定语从句易错题详解■The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.A. which wasB. it wasC. which wereD. them were【易错】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C,around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是high mountains,around which 是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数was。
请做以下类例题目(答案均为C):(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.A. which isB. it isC. which areD. them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants w here we can have Chinese food.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are■A man with a blee ding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ___ ___ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【易错】容易误选B,认为around 是介词,选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital,在此用作介词around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。
以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。
此题选C 的理由是:句中的around 不是介词,而是副词,意为“在附近”;其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤?■ _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What【易错】容易误选A,认为此处应填一个形式主语。
【分析】最佳答案是B。
as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。
比较下面一题:_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every mo nth.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What此题答案选A,it 为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that 从句。
再比较下面一组题,其中第(1)题选B,第(2)题选D:(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increa sing.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is in creasing.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It■ David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom【易错】此题容易误选A,许多同学一看到题干中的such,再联系到选项中的that,便认为这是考查such … that …句式。
况且,这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C,不是A,因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中,that 引导的是结果状语从句,并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分,若在上句填入such … that …,句末的动词like 缺宾语。
选C的理由如下:as 用作关系代词,用以引导定语从句,修饰其前的名词boy,同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语,句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。
有的同学可能还会问,假若选A,能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?不能,因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时,其后的定语从句应用关系代词a s 来引导,而不用that。
比较下面一题,答案为A,因为like 后有自己的宾语him:David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom请再做以下试题(答案选D):It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A. likeB. thatC. whichD. as■ The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crow d.A. thatB. itC. themD. which【易错】容易误选C,用them 代指the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。
most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句,修饰the buses。
类似地,以下各题也选D:(1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. thatB. itC. themD. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.A. thatB. itC. themD. which(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.A. thatB. itC. themD. which类似地,以下各题选whom,不选them:(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. thatB. himC. themD. whom(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. thatB. whoC. themD. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.A. thatB. whoC. themD. whom■ He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who【易错】容易误选B,用them 代指students。
【分析】最佳答案是A,many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。
假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and,则选答案B。
比较以下各题(答案均选A):(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.A. themB. whichC. whatD. that(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything a bout the other.A. themB. whomC. whichD. who■ He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who【易错】容易误选A,认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B,这不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词invited 并不是一个完整的谓语,而是一个过去分词。
当然,假若在invited 前加上助动词were,则是一个非限制性定语从句,答案便应选A。
比较:(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in t heir work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案选B,none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构,其中的carried o ut 为过去分词。
(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried ou t in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案选A,none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句,注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。