Time of English literature
1. The old English古英语(or Anglo-saxon盎格鲁–撒克逊) period(449-1066)
2. The middle English period（1066-1485）
杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer-坎特伯雷故事集-the
father of English literature
3. The English Renaissance文艺复兴时期文学(1485-1660)-the rebirth of
learning/letters
威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare
四大悲剧The four great tragedies
哈姆雷特Hamlet/奥赛罗Othello/李尔王king lear麦克白Macbeth
四大喜剧The four comedies
威尼斯商人The Merchant of venice/仲夏夜之梦A Midsummer Night's Dream/皆大欢喜As You Like It/第十二夜Twelfth night
The beginning of the English Renaissance英国文艺复兴的开始(1485-1558)
The Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代(二世）(1558-1603)
The 17th Century(1603-1660)Two representatives of the puritan清教徒 writers:Milton&Bunyan
约翰·弥尔顿John Milton-失乐园Paradise
Lost (Epic长篇叙事诗、史诗）-justify the ways of god to man
英雄双韵体Heroic Couplet(1五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter 2押尾韵对偶句3韵尾为AA BB CC DD...不重复4风格简洁)
约翰·班扬John Bunyan-天路历程The Pilgrim's Progress
Who use pen to defend the English commonwealth联邦——
约翰·邓恩John Donne-跳蚤the flea-（the great metaphysical poet）玄学诗歌
安德鲁·马维尔Andrew Marvell-致羞涩的情人To his coy Mistress
罗伯特·赫里克Robert Herrick采摘含苞的玫瑰要起早-cavalier poets骑士诗歌
约翰·德莱顿 John Dryden-论戏剧诗An essay of Dramatic poesy-try to build unvirsal rules for the construction of drama
4. The Restoration复辟 and the eighteenth century(or the neoclassical period新古典主义时期)(1660-1798)
丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe-鲁滨逊漂流记 Robinson Crusoe现实主义 乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift-格列佛游记gulliver's travels
The Augustan Age奥古斯都的时代(1770-1745)
The Neoclassical Decline新古典主义的衰落(1745-1798)
5. The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期(1798-1832)
Romanticism is a movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, which marked
the reaction in literature, philosophy, art, religion, and politics from the neoclassicism and
formal orthodoxy 正统观念of the preceding period.
Features of Romanticism
1) The Spontaneous Overflow of Powerful Feelings
2) The Creation of a world of Imagination
3) The Return to Nature for Material
4) Sympathy with the Humble and Glorification of the Commonplace
5) Emphasis Upon the Expression of Individual Genius
6) The Return to Milton and Elizabethans for Literary Models
7) The Interest in Old Stories and Medieval Romances
8) A Sense of Melancholy and Loneliness 9) The Rebellious Spirit
威廉·布莱克William Blake--he is care about the slavery about their inner spirtual liberty than their political and social liberty.
纯真之歌song of innocence/经验之歌song of experience/擦烟囱的少年the chimney sweeper /病玫瑰The Sick Rose/天堂和地狱的婚姻the marriage of heaven dand hell
Two Schools of Romanticists
a.The Passive Romanticists消极浪漫主义
These were Romantic writers who reflected the thinking of classes ruined by the bourgeoisie, and by way of protest against capitalist
development turned to the feudal past, i.e. the merry old England as their ideal, or frightened by the coming of
industrialism. ( Cavalier Poets). They were
represented bv William Words Worth. Coleridge, and Southey.
b.The Active Romanticists积极浪漫主义
They were people who expressed the aspirations of the classes created by capitalism and
held out an ideal, though a vague one, oi a
future society free from oppression and exploitation. These were vounaer and sometimes called active romanticists
represented bv Byron. Shelley, and Keats
威廉·华兹华斯William Wordsworth-诗乃自发溢出的强烈情感Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.
抒情歌谣集Lyrical Ballads
咏水仙I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
珀西·比希·雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley-
西风颂Ode to the West Wind
致云雀To a Skylark
奥兹曼迪斯Ozymandias
文学精神是政治和社会革命的诞生物Literary spirit as the accompaniment political and social revolution
浪漫主义是文学的革命形式Romanticism is the literary form of the revolution
约翰·济慈John Keats-
夜莺颂Ode to a Nightingale
秋颂To Autumn
简·奥斯汀Jane Austen-outward(生活平静）-inward(故事跌宕起伏）
理智与情感Sense and Sensibility
傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice-It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的道理。
爱玛Emma 德歌德法雨果俄普希金美朗费罗浪漫主义
6. The Victorian Age维多利亚时期(批判现实主义）(1832-1901)
Charles Dickens(查尔斯狄更斯）Charlotte Bronte(夏洛特勃朗特）Emily Bronte(艾米莉·勃朗特）Thomas Hardy(托马斯哈代）
7. The Twentieth Century（现代主义）(1901_ ) modernism is the main trend which involved a radical激进的 and deliberate全面的 break not only traditional forms pf art but with traditional aesthetic principles现代主义是20世纪文学的主流
萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙Virginia Woolf-
远航The Voyage Out
墙上的斑点The Mark on the Wall
达洛维夫人Mrs. Dalloway
到灯塔去To the Lighthouse
奥兰多Orlando: a Biography
一间自己的房间A Room of One's Own
詹姆斯·乔伊斯James Joyce
都柏林人Dubliners
一个青年艺术家的画像A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
尤利西斯Ulysses
芬尼根守灵夜Finnegans Wake
戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯D·H·Lawrence-
恋父情节/伊利克特拉情结Ecectra complex
恋母情结/俄狄浦斯情结Oedipus complex
白孔雀The White Peacock
儿子与情人Sons and Lovers
虹The Rainbow
恋爱中的女人Women in love
查泰莱夫人的情人Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Charles Dickens(查尔斯狄更斯）
Special features:
1. character sketches人物刻画 and exaggeration“Typical characters under
typical circumstances” 2. Broad humor and penetrating satire广泛地幽默和精辟的讽刺“happy ending”
3. Complicated and fascinating plot复杂和引人入胜的情节
4. The power of exposure