already sold out the tickets.
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets
had already been sold out.
(2) The whole country was very sad at the
news of his death; People had considered him
The jacket is used for keeping warm.
The jacket is made in Guangzhou.
summary
英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态 两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承 受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时 用by短语表示出来. 一般现在时(simple present)： S(主语)+am/is/are +过去分词(done) 一般过去时(simple past)： S+was/were +过去分词(done)
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语
→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. → A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
Ann can take good care of the cats ．
The cats can be taken good care of by Ann.
情态动词(model verb)：
S+ can/must/should等情态动词 + be+过去分词
They can sing some beautiful songs.
3 一般疑问句
Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)
Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage?
4 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)
Where was a sweet song sung by her?
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态
The rooms are being painted.
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 6. 过去进行时：
(1)The workers were mending the road.
The road was being mended.
(2)This time last year we were planting
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词，时态要与原 句保持一致。 3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动 词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语 态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
(六)语态转换时所注意的问题
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变
为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 保留宾语 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适 当的介词，如上句还可以说：
might be put off.
(2)He has brought his book here.
His book has been brought here.
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 8. 过去完成时： (1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had
students
didn't
forget
his
lessons easily.
His lessons were not easily forgotten.
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 3. 一般将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
trees here.
Trees were being planted here this
time last year.
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 7. 现在完成时： (1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
I have been told the sports meeting
Some books
主语
were bought
谓语动词被动语态的过去分词
( by us ) 介词+ 宾语
My mother sweeps the floor every day.
The floor is swept by my mother every day.
jacket
keeping warm Guangzhou
to be a great leadto be a great leader.
(四） 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词 + be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 (1)You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. (2)He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.
What does she do every day?
She waters the flowers every day.
The flowers are watered by her every day.
主动句与被动句之间的转换
We
主语
bought
谓语动词主动语态的过去式
some books.
宾语
Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全 一样。以 give 为例，列表如下： am / is / are + done 一般现在时：
was / were + done 一般过去时： shall / will + be done 一般将来时： should / would + be done 含有情态动词 am / is / are + being + done 现在进行时： was / were + being + done 过去进行时： have / has + been + done 现在完成时： had + been + done 过去完成时： shall / will + have been + done 将来完成时： 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 5. 现在进行时：
(1)The radio is broadcasting English
lessons.
English lessons are being broadcasted
on the radio.
(2) We are painting the rooms.
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。 2 把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意 其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持 不变。 3 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的 宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则 可省略。 4 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
被动语态的几种句型 1 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…) A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.
2 否定句
主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by…)
A sweet song wasn’t sung by her on the stage.
(2)They will give plenty of jobs to
school-leavers.
Plenty of jobs will be given to schoolleavers.
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 4. 过去将来时： (1)The manager said they would complete
the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.