become---be fall asleep----be asleep
borrow---keep begin/start-----be on
end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold
join ---be in /be a member of
• (2).一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实, 和现在不发生关系.
•常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at
open-----be open die------be dead
buy-----have
close----be closed
leave-----be away (from)
现在完成时 ( Revision)
have/has + 动词的过去分词
1.定义：现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，
并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。
(1).表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影 响或结果,常与一些时间状语连用．
•如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包 括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用.
It has been two years since Jim bought thispen.
Jim bought this pen two years ago.
1、 李雷自从2003年就参军了。 Li Lei has been a soldier since 2003.
2、那部电影开始20分钟了。 The film has been on for twenty minutes. 3、那个老人已经死了五年了。 The old man has been dead for five years.
1.Where is Jim?Байду номын сангаасHe has gone to Wuhan.
2. My parents have been tothe Great Wall twice. They like there very much.
3. Have you ever been to to the Happy valley? 4. How long has Peter been in the West Hill farm? 5. My sister has gone to the shop. She will be back
4、他六年前就离开家了。 He has been away from home for six years.
• 5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
• (1).现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动 作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不 可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连 用.
•(2).表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直 持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从 过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连 用
•即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词.
2.already ---------- yet 已经
eg. 吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。buy----have
Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
Jim has had this pen since 2004.
It is two years since Jim bought this pen.
英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一 种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词, 瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再 延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状 语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的 特殊疑问句中。
3. have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in
“去过某地”.表示某人的一种 经 历,once,twice,already,ever,never 等连用. •“去了某地”．说话时某人 已离开此地,在去某地的途中 或已在某地．
•逗留在某地(已经一段时 间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用.
•初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持 续时, 可用以下方法:用for+时间段,或since+时间点/从 句．It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已 有一段时间了.
用于肯定句 用于否定句，疑问句
She has not seen this film . She has seen this film.
I have
combed my hair.
Have you combed your hair ?
He has watched a video. He has not watched a video .
in two hours. 6. She has gone to Shanghai. She isn’t here. 7. She has been to Shanghai. She is here. 8. She has been in Shanghai for two years
4. 现在完成时中延续性动词 和终止性动词